690 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1891. 



431. The Manufacture of Acids and Alkalies — Continued. 



Mineral acids — Sulphuric, nitric, boracic, hydrochloric, etc. 



The common commercial alkalies — Potash, soda and ammonia, and their 



compounds. 

 Neutral salts of the alkalies, as saltpeter, borax, sulphate of soda, nitrate of 



soda, etc. 

 Lime, magnesia, barytes, stroutia, alum, etc. 

 Acetate of lime, etc. 



432. Miscellaneous Chemical Products of Inorganic Origin, Pyrotechnics, 



Explosives. 

 Suljihur, and its uses. 

 Non-metallic substances, as sulphurate of carl)on, chloride of 8uli)hur, prus- 



siate of potash, etc. 

 Metallic compounds, as salts of iron, copper and lead. 

 Explosive and fulminating compounds. 

 Black powder of various grades and sizes. Nitro-glycerine and the methods 



of using and exploding. Giant powder, dynamite, dualin, tri-nitro- 



glycerine. 

 Pyrotechnics for display, signaling, missiles. 



433. The Manufacture of Gases. 



Manufacture of illuminating gas and coke. Tanks and plant. 

 Nitrous oxide, oxygen, for heating, lighting, metallurgical and remedial 

 uses, chlorine and carbonic acid gases. 



434. Distilling Industries. Manufacture of Perfumes, etc. 



Distillation of spirits. Wood alcohol. 

 Distillation of turpentine and its products. 

 Distillation of coal-tar products. 



Refuse petroleum, slate oil, paraffine, plienyl, acid benzoic, aniline, etc. 

 Distillation of essential oils and perfumery manufacture. Materials, meth- 

 ods, products. 

 Musk, civet, ambergris. 



435. Oils, Fats, Soaps and Waxes. Their Preparation and Use. 



Organic oils and fats: Mammal oils and fats. Whale and sperm oils. But- 

 ters, lards, tallows. Bird and reptile oils. Fish oils, derived from body 

 tissue (as menhaden oil), and from liver (as cod-liver oil). 



Vegetable oils, from various seeds — Olive, cotton-seed, peanut, palm, cocoa- 

 nut, etc. 



Methods and implements of oil rendering. Boiling and steaming. Sun 

 rendering. Cold pressing. Chemical processes. Churning. 



Products of organic oils, soaps and detergents. Glycerine. Stearine. 

 Oleomargarine, etc. Pomades and cosmetic products. Drying oils, can- 

 dles, of stearine, glycerine, paraffine, etc. 



Lubricating oils. 



Waxes, spermaceti, etc. 



Bees-wax and other animal waxes, wax candles. 



White wax and other vegetable waxes. 



Vegetable substitutes for soaji, such as soap-berries ( Sujyindiis sajwunria), 

 soap-roots {Saponaiia officitmlifi), iuillac bark, etc. 



Spermaceti and sperm candles. 



Mineral oils : Petroleum and its mauiimlatiou. 



Petroleum products, paraffine, vaseline, benzine, napthaliue, aniline, etc. 



436. Glues and Cements, Gums and Resins. 



Gums and mucilaginous substance. Mucilaginous seeds, barks, pods and 

 algie. Gums, made artificially, as " British Gums." Glues prepared from 

 vegetables. 



