APPLES. 93 
later both were dead to the ground, while plum trees near by were 
not affected and are sound yet, but these plum trees had more 
of a circulation of air. Second, three small blocks of my experiment 
nurseries were each set with the same kinds of apple root grafts. 
Several years later I found in all the blocks blight on the same 
kinds, and the same kinds were free from blight in all three blocks. 
Only those varieties affected were liable to blight. Third, [hada 
row of Russian pear trees all in bearing, with pears on the size of a 
hickory nut. One day I saw thatthe first tree at the south of the row 
was beginning to blight,and in a week all the trees of the whole row 
were dead, and the odor near them had a sour smell. A row of 
plum trees on the east was sound, not in the least affected; on the 
west side was a row of apples of different kinds. I couldn’t see any 
sign of blight on them either. Fourth, a European mountain ash 
(Pirus acuparia) north of my house, sheltered by evergreens of dif- 
ferent kinds on the south side; on the north side was a row of 
very tall American white birch, the mountain ash being in the mid- 
dle of these two rows. All branches that overgrew the evergreens 
were blighted, and all the trees around were free from blight. 
Furthermore, the blight in our wheat field is manifested in the 
same way asontheapples. I have observed in my wheat field, on 
land that is situated south of timber, the wheat blights first. There 
it is too warm, dew lies longer upon the straw and ear, and after hot 
sunshine comes on the wheat gets blighted, because in such places 
circulation of air is less. Always in the middle of the field I found 
straw stiff,ear and kernel matured and no blight there, as there was 
always more circulation of air. Now, all my observation shows that 
the claim that blight is “contagious,” or passes from tree to tree, is 
false; but right here I give the advise that we must discard such 
trees as are liable to blight. Whena tree is blighted to some extent 
on its big limbs, it is better to grub it out, as then not the top alone 
is affected, it is in the roots also. Last fall I grubbed out four Trans- 
cendents (this is the poorest in all to plant). I found the half of 
the crown roots dead just the same as the limbs. Such bad blight- 
ing trees should be grubbed out in good time and replaced by 
blight-prooftrees. The hole should be dug large enough to take up 
all to burn, and the hole filled up with better earth. 
Now, I add here a list of some kinds of apples, out of several hun- 
dred I have been experimenting with for some years past, which I 
have found free from blight on my place, viz: 
Nos. 105, Grafenstein; 161, Longfield; 178, Barkoff; 180, Negaloff; 187, 
Glass Green; 225, Getman; 200, Rosy Repka; 240, Lieby; 260, Winter 
Stripe; 272, Little Flat; 275, Zolotoreff; 277, Vargul; 282, Veronesh; 
Reinette; 315, Lord; 317, White Pigeon; 361, Painted Pipka; 372, St- 
Peter; (378) 4 M. Hibernal; 385, Bade’s; 410, Little Seedling; 413, Cross; 
430, Round Waxen Acad.; 544, Juicy Burr; 469, Grandmother; (472) 4 
M. Ostrekoff; 578, Leipzig; Borsdorf; 599, Romna; 981, White Rus- 
sett; 985, Red Anis; 1277, Varonesh Red; 109, Var. Rubetz Nativii; 38, 
Varonesh; Malinda; H. Kaump’s Seedling; Duchess of Oldenburg, 
Rimbacker (Germ.), October, September, Patten’s Greening, Maiden 
Blush, Phillip’s Sweeting, Phillip’s Nos. 3 and 4. 
Crab apples.—Gibb, Chase's Sweet, Greenwood, Shield’s, Isham, 
Florence, Milton, Atztalan, Phoenix Red. Try them! 
