GRAPES. 109 
Mr. Leach: I have been raising a few grapes for about twen- 
ty-five years. I have never raised a great many, but I have 
taken pride in and taken care of what I have. In regard to 
this louse, it has been quite troublesome for a number of years. 
My vines are near the lake, on a south slope, and back of them 
is a row of Lombardy poplars and red cedar. The poplars 
are about seventy-five feet high, and the red cedar about fifteen 
feet, so the vineyard is protected from the northwest winds. 
The little insect that lays the egg which produces this louse is 
a small drab-colored miller. It comes on the vines about the 
time they blossom, and they settle on the leaves very thickly. 
I began to experiment to put a stop to their work some five or 
six years ago. I tried a good many things, but what succeeded 
best was air-slaked lime. I would take some and throw it on 
the under side of the leaves, and that has kept the louse off the 
leaves better than anything I have used. They will not move 
on the leaves, and by just looking at the leaf casually you 
would not think there was anything there, but if you touch the 
leaf with your finger, they will move along. It appears as a 
sort of a brownish spot on the leaf, and when you touch it, it 
moves and you can then see it is an insect, but before that my 
eyes would not have detected it as an insect. They suck the 
sap out of the leaf, and it finally dies, and later in the season a 
great many leaves will fall off. I think they have been worse 
on my vines than they have been anywhere else, and I thought 
it was because by vines were so much sheltered. Another 
thing about raising grapes; I have experimented in cutting 
away the old wood and starting a new growth. I think itis a 
great benefit. After the vineyard has been set about ten years 
the wood becomes hard and unpliable, and by taking a little 
pains at the start you can start a bud near the ground and let 
it grow a year on the old wood and raise your crop just the 
same, and if it does not thrive well enough let it remain the 
second year, and the third year cut the old wood entirely away, 
and you will get a larger crop of fine grapes from that two- 
year-old wood than you ever got from the old vines. 
Mr. Crane: This insect—how does it move? Does it hop? 
Mr, Leach: It just crawls along. That is another insect 
that hops. 
Mr. Crane: I would like to hear what Prof. Green has to say 
about that insect. 
Prof. Green: I think what Mr. Leach has said covers the 
ground pretty well. It must be a louse or something of that 
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