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110 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
sort from the fact that the eggs are laid by amiller. I have 
never seen it here. 
Mr. Leach: I did not carry the description of the insect quite 
far enough along. This louse finally develops into a fly, and. 
when you go through the vineyard and hit the leaves it flies in 
your face. 
Prof. Green: That is the way with all the family of aphides. 
They have a wing stage. This leaf hopper has given us con- 
siderable trouble at the experiment station, and we have fought 
it, but not very successfully, but we have not much to complain 
of compared with other parts of the country. Iwas in Kansas 
last summer, and it is a beautiful country. They have very 
nice vineyards there,and while [ was there they were watering 
the vines trying to keep life in them. On the same ground the 
Mississippi Pippins were ripe and falling off the middle of Au- 
gust. The drouth was so severe that the winter fruit was fall- 
ing to the ground. The vines there were terribly afflicted with 
the leaf hopper; I never saw them worse; the leaves were 
almost straw colored. I[-asked Prof. Mason: ‘‘What do you 
do for them?” He remarked that they were not so bad this 
year as they were some years, but the damage they were doing 
was somewhat surprising to me. The method of destroying 
them which they found most successful was to make a sort of a 
sled, stoneboat fashion, with a frame on covered with cloth 
projecting out from the sides. The cloth was saturated with 
kerosene, and they would drive between the rows and whip the 
the vines as they went through; the leaf hopper would strike 
against this cloth covered with kerosene,and it would kill them. 
We tried kerosene, and we could not keep them in check. One 
way to keep these insects somewhat in check is to destroy or 
burn any rubbish that accumulates around the vineyard, which 
will greatly reduce their number. If you burn up any old trash 
or rubbish you have around the place, it will destroy a great 
many of the hoppers. 
Mr. Wedge: Iwould like toask Mr. Leach if protection from 
winds from any particular direction, north or northwest, is de- 
sirable for a vineyard? 
Mr. Leach: I think itis. I do not think it is desirable so 
far as insects are concerned, because I think a good breeze will 
blow the insects away. Butif the vineyard is protected I think 
the grapes will ripen earlier, and I think it is desirable for a 
good many reasons. 
Mr. Wedge: Do you mean protection on all sides? 
