GENERAL FRUITS. 163 
previous season. Some injury was done to the leaves on the old 
canes by the Bordeaux mixture; the leaves on the new wood were 
not harmed. The results from the spraying of the raspberries 
would indicate that it was beneficial. In the vineyards large num- 
bers of ieaf-hoppers appeared during the season. Applications of 
kerosene ernulsion were made, as well as other methods of destroy- 
ing them. We first began to apply the emulsion during the latter 
part of June. Large numbers were destroyed in this way, but as 
they multiplied very rapidly, it seemed almost out of the question 
to check them at so late a time in the summer. 
Considerable time was spent in spraying a plat of potatoes in dif- 
ferent ways with Bordeaux mixture to prevent the early and late 
blights. As regards the early blight beneficial results followed, 
while for the late blight results were in favor of rows that 
were sprayed, but as there was little late blight the results would not 
be conclusive. 
During the past year the price of Paris green has been high, due 
to the fact that there is a trust that controlsit. If further investiga- 
tions prove successful, we may not care whether a trust controls it 
or not. The Massachusetts station has found that mixing eleven 
ounces of acetate of lead, two ounces of arsenate of soda and 150 
gallons of water makes a very effective insecticide. The points in 
favor of this insecticide are that it can be easily seen on the leaves, 
is soluble in water, making it sure of being distributed evenly, and 
it does not burn the foilage unless used very strong. 
DISCUSSION. 
Pres. Underwood: This is a very importnnt subject and I 
would like to hear it discussed. 
Mr. Brackett: How do you consider the Bordeaux nozzle 
compares with the Vermorel? 
Mr. Mackintosh: I like the Vermorel very well, but the Bor- 
deaux is arranged on a different plan; you can adjust it in any 
way you desire. 
Mr. Dartt: How do you control the nozzle? 
Mr. Mackintosh: By turning the flange on the side. it 
throws the stream through a round hole, but it strikes the sur- 
face and throws it in different directions. 
Mr. Crane: Can you kill the leaf-hopper with Paris green? 
Mr. Mackintosh: You can, but it is rather difficult. 
Mr. Brand: Have you considered any particular mode of 
procedure at the station for the coming season? 
Mr. Mackintosh: No, I don’t think we have. As to the leaf- 
hopper, from reading reports of the life history of the insect 
I think it could be more easily destroyed by keeping no brush 
around the place over winter; if we destroy the rubbish there 
will be no place for them to stay. 
