170 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
17. The Bordeaux mixture has a tendency to reduce rusty fruit. 
* * * rs ** * 
18. The ferrocyanide of potassium test used in the manufacture 
of the Bordeaux mixture is not so satisfactory as was at first 
thought, for the mixture when so prepared may be injurious to the 
fruit. 
19. Munson has shown that Paris green possesses fungicide prop- 
erties. 
20. Stinson has shown that fruit sprayed three times was larger 
than that sprayed twice, although the per cent. of scab on both lots 
was the same. 
21. Paris green must be applied immediately after the blossoms 
fall in order to be most effective against the codlin-moth. 
22. Rust was very prevalentin Chautauqua county the past sea- 
son, but apple growers, on the whole, are well satisfied with the re- 
sults obtained from spraying. 
23. London purple is an unreliable insecticide in some cases. 
24, The failures which have occurred may be due largely to the 
lateness or the hastiness of the application. 
* * * * * 
27. The shot-hole fungus attacking plum and cherry foliage can 
be controlled by the use of the Bordeaux mixture. 
* * * * * * 
30. Spraying plum foliage with the Bordeaux mixture thickens 
the leaves, but further measurements must be made to establish a 
rule. 
SAVED FROM FROST. 
(A valuable record.) 
THE THAYER FRUIT FARM, SPARTA, WISCONSIN. 
May 14, 1895, eight degrees below freezing. Frost five successive 
mornings. 
Strawberry fields white with blossoms; currants and gooseberries 
half grown; raspberries and blackberries bending with buds of 
fruitful promise. 
More than one hundred acres of berries to protect on “The Thayer 
Fruit Farm.” How was it done? 
At 11 o’clock a. m. the faithful signal service reports “killing frosts 
to-night;” at 1 o’clock p. m. a score of men with teams were covering 
berries with mulch from between the rows and wild hay from stacks 
near by; the early dawn found them still at work. Result: 90 per 
cent. of fields so protected, saved balance ruined or greatly 
damaged. 
Moral: In localities subject to frost have hay or straw ready for 
use. 
One good load to each half acre. 
Wild hay is best, being light and more compact. 
One man may protect an acre in a few hours. 
Remove covering early next morning to allow continued polleni- 
zation. 
A thick smudge may protect berries at one or two degrees below 
freezing. ; 
For lower temperatures cover with suitable protection. 
Berry fields and farmers’ gardens may be saved in this way. 
May 20, 1895. M. A. THAYER, Sparta, Wisconsin. 
