_ July (Calendar. 
J. S. HARRIS, 
(The calendar for June was duly prepared by Mr. Harris, but at the last was 
necessarily omitted. Sec’y.) 
ORCHARD AND NURSERY.—Overbearing is injurious to many 
varieties of apples and plums. Any trees that have set more fruit 
than they can carry to maturity must be relieved, or their vitality 
wili be so lowered that they will perish, or become greatly injured 
in a following hard winter. Such trees should be relieved by thin- 
ning the fruit early this month. Removing one-half or more of the 
fruit may save the life and usefulness of the tree and does not ma- 
terially lessen the bulk of the crop at maturity but improves the 
quality and value. 
The earliest summer apples begin to ripen in this month; none of 
them should be allowed to go to waste, and windfalls should not be 
allowed to lie upon the ground to afford breeding or feeding places 
for bacteria and insects. Wormy apples should be picked off when- 
ever seen and, together with the windfalls, fed to the hogs or other- 
wise destroyed. 
Necessary pruning may be continued through most of this month. 
The head of atree should be kept open enough to admit air and sun- 
shine to the interior. No ironclad rules can be applied to the opera- 
tion, but some definite object should be kept in view. Care should 
be taken that too much foliage is not removed at one time and that 
the trunks and larger limbs will not be exposed to the midday sun, 
or sunscald may follow. 
Trees in the nursery should be looked after frequently and pre- 
vented from forming one-sided heads, and where branches start that 
would form sharp forks, one should be removed at once. Grafts 
will need to be looked to frequently. They must not be interfered 
with by surrounding branches, some of which may need to be cut 
away,and such as are growing too rapidly or spindling up are bene- 
fited by pinching out the point, or terminal bud. Good nursery 
trees cannot be raised in with grass and weeds,hence frequent culti- 
vation should always be given. 
INSECTS.—Any nests of tent caterpillars that have been overlooked 
should be destroyed at once. There are two or more broods of the 
codling moths each year, the brood that does the greatest damage 
trying to getin its work during this month. No matter how thor- 
oughly the trees have been sprayed, some of the larvae of the early 
brood have escaped destruction and matured in the young fruit. 
When the worm leaves the fruit to undergo its last transformation 
to a moth, it seeks some place of concealment. Placing bands of 
hay, cloth or paper about the trunks of trees affords them a favorite 
place, and by taking off the bands once a week and killing the worms 
and chrysalides found,much of the later damage will be prevented. 
Young orchards should be kept well cultivated, and in older or- 
chards, grass and weeds should be mowed frequently,and not taken 
off but allowed to remain upon the ground as a mulch. 
