308 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
the surface. Very still water is covered with the leaves and bright 
blossoms of yellow Pond Lily. Bordering these ponds are Water 
Plantain (Alisma plantago), which has many small white flowers 
and broad cordate leaves, and Arrowhead (Sagittaria variabilis), so 
named from the form of the leaves; its white flowers are arranged 
in whorls of three around the stem. 
In meadows above the high grasses are yellow Loosestrife, white 
umbels and large pinnate leaves of Meadow Parsnip, loose pani- 
cles of Swamp Saxifrago, rose-purple heads of Swamp Milkweed and 
Turk’s-Cap Lily, its spotted sepals rolled backward. Half hidden in 
the grass are pale purple Gerardia, much deeper purple Mimulus 
and crimson heads of Milkwort (Polygala sanguinta). Early in 
July showy Lady’s Slipper lifts its purple and white moccasins 
above the thick growth of ferns on our northern bluffsides. It 
has a coarse leafy stem but by far the prettiest flower of the genus. 
The tossing white sepals give them an alert look, as though they 
might suddenly fly away. With it we find orange-red Lily, Zyg- 
adene (Zygadenus elegans) with long grass-like leaves and graceful 
greenish sprays, and spreading Dogbane (Apocynum androsaemi- 
folium), which has rich dark foliage and drooping rose-colored 
flowers striped with red. 
Another choice plant is Grass Pink (Calopogon pulchellus); its 
flowers are beautifully bearded with white,purple and yellow hairs. 
Ladies’ Tresses (Spiranthes Romanzoffiana) isa rare plant of the 
same family, which also has grassy leaves and small pure white 
flowers. One occasionally finds its haunts in some cool bog or ra- 
vine. The Pulse, Verbena, Figwort and Mint families add many 
species to July plants of woods and prairies, among which are pink 
and white Prairie Clovers, tall Vervains, Speedwell (Veronica Vir- 
ginica), which has clustered white spikes, wild Bergamont, so 
noticeable all through the woods for its many flowers of light crim- 
son,and wild Mint (Mentha Canadensis) with white balls in the 
axils of the fragrant leaves. An especially pretty plant which 
grows inthicketsis Starry Campion (Silene stellata), the fringed 
petals showing ata glance that itis a member of the Pink family, 
as is also Catchfly with its sleepy flowers. 
In August Sunflowers and the earlier Goldenrods and Asters are 
blooming on the edges of the wood and along the banks of the little 
stream that threads the woodland ways beside you, where are blue 
Lobelia, tall Bellwort, Grass of Parnassus, its petals striped with 
green, and Jewell-Weed (Impatiens fulva) grown into large bushes, 
hanging its irregular orange flowers against the dark foliage. 
Cardinal flower, shyest and showiest of our wild flowers, lights up 
the swamp lands where bushes bend to the breeze and Cat-Tail Flags 
grow erect and strong. Shallow pools are dotted with the white 
stars of Water Crowfoot (Ranunculus aquatilis, var. trichophyllus), 
whose leaves with thread-like divisions are beneath the surface. Wa- 
ter Polygonum (Polygonum amphibium) roots in the mud, and its 
bright pointed spikes grow upward through the water on which 
float the long-petioled, shining leaves. In springs are the spreading 
branches and bright blossoms of Monkey- Flower (Mimulus Jamesii), 
