3820 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
hellebore in four gallons of water and with a garden sprinkler 
spraying it over the bushes; in ten days repeat, and generally the 
end is accomplished. Do this when first discovered. As for varieties, 
there are a number of them. The Red and the White Dutch are as 
good as any; the Victoria and the Long Bunch Holland are also 
good. The White Grape is the most reliable white currant I know 
of for family use, but is not so good for market, not having theright 
color. The Fay’s Prolific has large fruit but is a shy bearer, and I 
do not believe it is adapted to our climate. 
The Lake City nursery sent mea new variety called the North Star, 
that has fruited with me; it appears to be an improvement on the 
old varieties. The fruit is a bright red, large and not as acid as the 
old varieties, and from appearance in growth of wood and fruit will 
become a valuable accession to our list of small fruits. 
Next, we must have our raspberries. There is no smallfruit so 
certain of a crop, and which pays so well for the labor given as does 
this fruit. It scarcely ever gets injured by frosts, as the fruit comes 
on the new growth of wood. We want the ground well prepared. It 
is best to plow in the fall; then as soon as the ground is in condi- 
tion, drag it till you get it pulverized. Have your sets ready; take 
one horse and a plow and run furrows nine feetapart, or take the gar- 
den line and stretchit on the ground and set them five feet apart; 
then, if you wish, you can plant any hoed crop, i.e. potatoes, cab-— 
bage or anything but corn, so that you need not waste the ground. 
Cultivate well. 
The next spring, set your posts and stretch your wire (common 
fence posts are the best). Commence at one end of the row and set 
two post eighteen inches apart, then go one and a half rods, and so 
on to the end of the row, leaving the fruit row between the posts. 
Then, using common, smooth fence wire, put two wires, one two feet 
from the ground, the other four, which leaves eighteen inches be- 
tween the posts. Then take the team and wagon and draw mulch, 
wet straw or coarse stable manure, and fill in between the rows four 
or five inches deep. It keeps down the weeds and grass and retains 
the moisture in the ground for the benefit of the fruit when it needs 
it most. 
The advantage of making the rows so far apart is this: you can 
in the spring drive between the rows with your wagon with mulch 
to put between the rows, and, if the rows were closer together, it 
would have to be accomplished with a wheelbarrow if done at all, 
and land is cheaper than labor. Mulching saves cultivation and is 
better, because it stops evaporation, keeps the ground cool and 
retains the moisture better than cultivation; also, keeps down all 
grass and weeds. 
Varieties of red raspberries. The Turner is the hardiest and will 
stand more freezing with less injury than any other variety I know 
of. The fruit is medium in size and good in flavor. The Cuthbert 
is also a good variety; fruit larger than the Turner and a better mar- 
ketberry. Marlboro is alsoa very productive fruit, large, and bright 
red, anda vigorous grower. The Golden Queen fruit is large, of a 
fine flavor and bright yellow in color, very prolific, but kills back 
