THE ORCHARD. 885 
Horticultural Society or apply to any orchardist in your own local- 
ity. If you find an honest nurseryman (there are many such) take 
his advice. It will be safest never to take the word of a canvasser; 
whether he sells trees or anything else. 
WHERE SHALL WE BUY? 
Buy of the nearest nurseryman who has the reputation of being 
honest. 
The far-fetched and dear bought theory is the biggest humbug in 
the world when applied to trees. 
Beware of the man who sells wonderful new things at ex- 
travagant prices unless you have plenty of money and love to be 
sold! 
WHAT ABOUT THE PROFITS? 
Bad location, worthless varieties and bad management have 
spoiled the profits of the orchard in this part of the state, but I will 
say for your encouragement that my best acre of Duchess has 
yielded a net profit over all expenses of notless than $400. And there 
seems to be no reason why any of you with the light now before you, 
a fair location and sufficient ability to run a farm successfully 
should not make the orchard a source of profit fully equal to that of 
any other branch of farming. 
BUFFALO-BERRY.—The buffalo-berry that grows here is an all- 
winter fruit; the berry is sound and hard. I think there will bea 
great many of them planted after farmers find out what they are, as 
they serve three purposes—hedge, windbreak and fruit. I know of 
no fruit that will make jelly equal to this berry. I understand 
there will be a good many of the trees planted in Minnesota, Iowa, 
and the Dakotas next spring, and, if so, by 1895 they will prove for 
themselves, as they bear fruit the first season if planted early in 
the spring.—Farm, Stock and Home. 
RESULTS OF SPRAYING.—Mr. B. F. Galloway, of the U. S. Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, made a very decisive experiment with fungi- 
cides on the grape. A vineyard which had been abandoned for five 
years on account of black rot was taken, pruned and cleaned up and 
divided into five plats, four of which were sprayed and one not. 
The plats treated gave from 93 to 99 per cent. of perfect bunches, 
while the plat not treated gave none. The Bordeaux Mixture gave 
the best results, but the carbonate of copper was nearly as good, 
and was easier to prepare and use and cheaper. 
We stir up the soil often in the summer that we may retard the 
evaporation of moisture, but the amount of moisture checked in 
this way is small compared with that which is taken from the soil 
by an ordinary growth of weeds. Therefore, the killing of the 
weeds by the plow is of vastly more importance in conserving 
moisture than is the mere stirring of the soil. 
