CRANBERRY CULTURE. 455 
ter is limited, it is of course essential that this particular should be 
closely attended to. If there isa great deal of brake or other kinds 
of fern or other wild stuff which is hard to kill, and the bog is high 
enough to stand it, having a fall of from three to six feet, then it 
will be well to turf the whole of it and have the top removed to the 
most convenient place and burnit on the spot. This course will 
save a great deal of labor and extra expense in weeding. 
The grading should be done as well as if laying down a lawn or 
pleasure ground to grass, the object being to get an even coat of 
sand over the whole of the surface of the peat or muck. If the sand 
should be put on unevenly so that in places there would be seven 
inches instead of four, the desired thickness, the vines would make 
avery uneven growth. Plants set where the sand is deepest would 
be a year or two longer in making a growth through such a coating 
than would those planted where they could readily strike their roots 
down into the rich muck beneath. 
SANDING AND PLANTING. 
The sand should be ofa gravelly nature, free from clay or loam 
and considerably coarser than that commonly used in making mor- 
tar for plastering. s 
Sand of this description can not always be obtained; but, whether 
finer or coarser, nothing which has an admixture of loam or clay 
should ever be used upona bog, for the following reasons: It will 
bake down hard and the vines will not grow so vigorously as they 
will in loose porous sand; again, the water will not leach through 
very readily, and weeds and wild grasses wili grow much quicker 
than where the surface allows the water to pass through it quickly. 
After the bog has been leveled, as described, an even coat of sand 
four inches in depth should be spread over the surface. It is a great 
advantage to have the sand in close proximity to the bog, as it saves 
the expense of carting. In spreading the sand, it is usual to lay 
down some two-inch plank eight inches wide, fora walk, and the 
sand is brought on in wheel-barrows. 
The planks are laid from sand pit on outside edge of bog to center 
and removed as fast as the bog is sanded. The sand is spread by 
means of a “spreader,” made of a piece of one-inch white oak (or fir) 
board about fifteen inches long by three inches wide and fastened 
to a handle. 
MARKING FOR THE ROWS. 
The marker can be made of a piece of two-by-four inch joist, about 
nine feet long, having teeth set eighteen inches apart and a handle 
the length of arake handle. The teeth are eight inches long, made 
of strong hard wood, driven through holes made in the joist for that 
purpose. The implement is made similar tothe common rake, with 
teeth farther apart, and the whole made stronger to stand harder 
usage. 
To mark off a bog, a line is stretched, say six inches from the mar- 
gin of any one of the intersecting ditches as a starting point; 
ruv the marker lengthwise of that line, and continue to mark to 
within six inches, or the same distance of the next intersecting ditch,» 
