456 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
and so continue back and forth between the shore and central ditch 
until that particular section has been gone over, and so on with oth- 
er sections. When finished in one direction,the marker is then drawn 
transversely across the first markings over the entire sections, mak- 
ing the bog look much like a checker-board. 
THE PLANTS AND PLANTING. 
The cuttings used for planting are usually called “up-rights,” be- 
ing the shoots of the running, or main, stems of established vines, 
from two to four incheslong, which bear the fruit. Sometimes long 
cuttings, about two feet in length, are used, being doubled at the 
time of planting. The uprights are mowed off of an established bog, 
using a butchering knife. They are cut off smooth from the run- 
ners and rolled back in windrows, as one would roll back a fleece in 
shearing a sheep. The average quantity of uprights required for 
planting an acre is four barrels, but with older cuttings it would 
take more, as with age the vines become larger and heavier. When 
a vine is eight or ten years old it is about the size of a lead pencil— 
but when young it is about the size of the leadin the pencil. Cut- 
tings should be kept moist, in the shade or under fresh flowing wa- 
ter until planted. Planting is done with the aid of an implement 
called the “setting stick.” It is about eight inches long, with a 
rounded and bulbous handle about a fourth of an inch thick, made 
of hard wood. 
The little bunch of cuttings, or “uprights,” is placed upon the 
sand, the blade of the “setting stick” pressed upon them, and with a 
single thrust of the hand the hole is made and the uprights set or 
planted ata suitable depth and in a proper position, that is, through 
the covering of sand and in contact with the muck beneath. 
In this case, the vines being good, not one in five hundred should 
be lost. The cuttings, when set, should not project above the sur- 
face more than from one to two inches. When the long runner, 
doubled, is used instead of the little bunch of vines, if two feet long 
the runner is doubled twice, and then is planted with the setting 
stick precisely as uprights,as before described. About four up- 
rights in a bunch are set in each corner intersection of the cross 
marks. If more are planted, they are apt to heat and not take root. 
After planting, the bog should be kept moderately wet for two or 
three weeks by shutting down the ditch-dam and keeping the water 
back in the ditches to within eight inches of the surface of the bog 
until the vines show some sign of growing; then the water may be 
removed and the plants receive the benefit of any existing sunshine. 
In wet seasons, the water should be kept low. 
VARIETIES OF THE CRANBERRY. 
One of the most desirable varieties to plant is the “Early Black.” 
It is very prolific and a sure bearer, and the vines are not such rank 
growers as most other varieties. Another good variety is the “Sec- 
ond Early” which ripens about ten days after the Early Black. 
There are other varieties of larger berries, but they do not keep so 
well. 
