52 THE FOEAMINIFERA 



forms given by Spengler (1781) and Schroter (1793) 

 were included. 



Another observer, Soldani (1780-98), described 

 a large number of recent and fossil forms from the 

 shores of the Mediterranean, but he did not adopt 

 the binomial nomenclature of Linnseus's system. 



The work written by Walker, Jacob, and Boys on 

 the minute shells from the sand of Sandwich Bay 

 (1784) made us familiar with the ordinary British 

 species of Foraminifera, but they were still referred 

 to such genera as Nautilus and Serpula. 



Montagu, in the ' Testacea Britannica ' (1803), 

 also retained these generic names for the ordinary 

 coiled and straight forms, whilst Fichtel and Moll 

 (1798) published an important memoir on the coiled 

 shells which they included in the genus Nautilus. 



In his ' Cours de Zoologie ' Lamarck, in 1812, 

 referred the Foraminifera either to the group of 

 molluscs known as Cephalopods or to the Corals, 

 according to the external appearance of the shell. 

 The genera established by Lamarck in this w^ork are 

 among the most important now in general use, as 

 Nodosaria, Cristellaria, and Botalia, although the 

 zoological position they were then thought to occupy 

 is incorrect. 



De Montfort (1808), De Blainville, and Defrance 

 (1816) figured and specified many new forms, but 

 they also retained the old idea of grouping them with 

 the Cephalopods and other organisms higher in type 

 of structure than the Protozoa. A great advance, 

 however, was made by A. D. d'Orbigny in his sys- 



