138 THE FOEAMINIFEEA 



appears to occur in the Gault of France, and is 

 known from Pleistocene deposits at Cumbrae. 

 Jurassic to Becent. (Plate 7, fig. A.) 



a. scojyiurus, Montfort, ' Conchyl. System.' vol. i. 

 1808, p. 330, 83^^ 'genre.' 



Of the many species of Poraminifera which are 

 widely distributed over the oceanic areas of the 

 globe this is one of the better known. It constructs 

 its test typically of coarse sand-grains, but where 

 restricted to an oozy or spicular deposit it selects 

 small shells or spicules, as the case may be, to form 

 its test. 



The geological range of this form commences 

 in the Jurassic strata and continues to the present 

 time. (Plate 7, fig. B.) 



Genus Hcvplopliragmium, Reuss. 



Test free ; partially or entirely spiral ; nautiloid 

 or crozier-shaped ; chambers numerous. Carboniferous 

 to Recent. 



The sub-genus Coshinolina, Stache, is dis- 

 tinguished by the form of its later chambers, which 

 widen rapidly. 



Example. — H. HwniholcUi, Reuss {Sjnrolina), 

 ' Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Gesellsch.' vol. iii. 1851, 

 p. 65, pi. iii. figs. 17, 18. 



This neat and typical crozier-shaped Haplo- 

 phragmmm makes its first appearance as a fossil in 

 the Aptian beds of Surrey, and it was also described 

 from various deposits of Lower Tertiary age in Ger- 

 many and Hungary. It does not exactly agree in 



