GEOLOGICAL EANGE 259 



sively developed in Russia. In these particular 

 beds, generally known as the Permo-Carboniferous — 

 perhaps more correctly Carbo-Permian — and which 

 are principally seen in Southern India, Australia, 

 and Africa, the invertebrate fauna partakes of 

 characters which belong to both the Upper Carboni- 

 ferous and the Permian elsewhere. As rec'ards the 

 Foraminifera, they are abundant in some localities in 

 South-East Australia and Tasmania, but beyond the 

 record of the genera Nuhecidaria, Spiroloculina, (?) 

 Coriiuspira, and Nodosaria by Howchin nothing 

 further has yet been published from Australia. From 

 similar beds in Kansas Spandel has lately recorded 

 Ammodisciis, Bigenerina, Monogenerina^^ Textularia, 

 Nodosaria, Geinitzina'^ and Fusulina. 



In the Permian Limestones of England and 

 Ireland and the Zechstein of Germany several 

 genera of the Foraminifera have been detected. 

 The specimens are in nearly all cases of small dimen- 

 sions, and never so abundant in the rock as those 

 from the Carboniferous system. The only excep- 

 tion to this is the Fusidina of the Alps, which 

 occurs in some abundance in the Zechstein there. 

 The most noteworthy genera of the Permian System 

 are Ammodiscus, Nodosinella, Textuhwia, Nodosaria 

 (including Dentalina), and FnsuJiua. The last- 

 named also characterises certain of the limestones of 

 North America (Texas and New Mexico), which by 



' In which the test, otherwise Hke Bigenerina, is uniserial throughout. 

 - A type resembhng Lingulina, but with mid-lateral depressions and 

 rounded peripheral edges. 



8 2 



