400 SYNOPSIS OF AMERICAN FOSSIL BRACHIOPODA. [bull. 87. 



Spirifer octocostatus Hall. Lower Helderberg (Dev.). 



Spiriler octocostata Hall, Tenth Kep. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., 1857, p. 62; — 



Pal. New York, III, 1859, p. 205, pi. 28, tig. 4. 

 Loc. Cumberlaiid, Maryland. 



Spirifer octoplicatus Hall = Spiriferina cristata. 

 Spirifer opimus E[all= Spirifer rocky montanus. 



Spirifer orbignjri Morris and Sharpe. Lower Devonian.. 



Spiriler orhijinii Morris and Sharpe, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, II, 1846, 



p. 276, pi. 11, tig. 3. 

 Loc. Falkland Islands. 

 Ohs. Probably identical with 8. antarcticus. 



Spirifer oregonensis Shumard. Upper Carboniferous. 



spirifer oregonensis Shumard, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., II, 1863, p. 108. 

 Loc. Near Fort Filmore, New Mexico. 



Spirifer orestes Hall and Whitfield. Chemung (Dev.). 



Spirifera orestes Hall and Whitfield, Tweutj'-third Rep. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. 



Hist., 1872, p. 237, pi. 11, figs. 16-20.— Hall, Second Ann. Rep. N. Y. State 



Geol., 1883, pi. 55, fig. 20. 

 Spirifer orestes Hall and Clarke, Pal. New York, VIII, Pt. II, 1893, pp. 27, 38, pk 



30, fig. 20. 

 Loc. Rockford, Iowa ; Naples, New York. 

 Obs. Compare with S. strigosus. 



Spirifer osagensis Swallow. Chouteau (L. Carb.)^ 



Spirifer osagensis Swallow, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., I, 1860, p. 641. 

 Loc. Pettis Countj^, Missouri. 

 Ohs. Regarded by Keyes as a synonym for S. marionensis. 



Spirifer ovalis Phillips. Carboniferous. 



Spirifer ovalis Phillips, Geol. Y'orkshire, II, 1836, p. 219, pi. 10, fig. 5.— Ether- 



idge. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXXIV, 1878, p. 629. 

 Loc. Europe. Feildeu Isthmus, lat. 82° 43'. 



Spirifer oweui Hall= Spirifer granulosus. 



Spirifer paradoxus (Schlotheim). Corniferous (Dev.). 



Terebratula paradoxa Schlotheim, Petrefactenknnde, VII, 1813, p. 249, tab. 2, 



fig. 6. 

 Spirifer paradoxus? Meek and "Worthen, Geol. Survey Illinois, III, 1868, p. 415, 



pi. 10, fig. 2. 

 Loc. Europe; Union and Jackson counties, Illinois. 



Spirifer parryana Hall=S. euryteines Owen. 



Spirifer peculiaris Shumard. Kinderhook (L. Carb.). 



Spirifer? peculiaris Shumard, Geol. Rep. Missouri, 1855, p. 202, PI. C, fig. 7. 

 Spirifera (Martinia) i)eculiari8 "White, Wheeler's Expl. and Survey west 100th 



Meridian, IV, 1875, p. 90, pi. 5, fig. 7. 

 Loc. Cooper County, Missouri ; Mountain Spring, Nevada. 



Spirifer pedroanus Eathbun. Middle Devonian. 



Spirifera jiedroaua (Hartt) Rathbun, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., I, 1874, p. 237,. 



pi. 8, figs. 1-9, 13, 14, 10-20;— Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XX, 1879, p. 27. 

 Loc. Erere and Province of Para, Brazil. 



Spirifer pennatus Owen= Spirifer iowaensis. 



