406 SYNOPSIS OF AMERICAN FOSSIL BRACHIOPODA. [bull. 87. 



Spirifer siibmucronatus Hall. Oriskaiiy (Dev.). 



Spirifer submucronata Hall, Tenth Rep. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., 1857, p. 62;— 



Pal. New York, III, 1859, p. 119, pi. 96, fig. 7. 

 Spirifera snbnuicrouata Hall, Second Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Geol., 1883, pi. 58, 



figs. 5-7. 

 Spirifer snbmncronatns Hall and Clarke, Pal. New York, YIII, Pt. II, 1893, pp. 17, 



36, pi. 33, figs. 5-7. 

 Loc. Cumberland, Maryland. 

 O^N. Possibly the yonng of Si)irifer cnraberlandia. 



Spirifer suborbicularis Hall. Keokuk (L. Carb.). 



Spirifer suborbicularis Hall, Geol. Survey Iowa, 1, Pt. II, 1858. p, 641. 

 Spirifera suborbicularis Meek and Wortlien, Geol. Survey Illinois, YI, 1875, ]>. 



523, pi. 30, fig. 1. 

 Loc. Keokuk, Iowa; "\YarsaAv and Nauvoo, Illinois. 



Spirifer subrotundatus Hall, Kiiiderhook (L. Carl).). 



Spirifer subrotundata Hall (non McCoy, 1855), Geol. Survey Iowa, I, Pt. II, 1858, 



p. 521, pi. 7, fig. 8. 

 Spirifera subrotundata Keyes, Geol. Survey Missouri, V, 18:15, p. 78. 

 Loc. Burlington, Iowa; Sciotoville, Ohio (VVincbell). 

 Oba. This specific name was first used by McCoy in 1855 but is usually regarded 



as a synonym for S. pinguis Sowerby. De Koninck, however, retains 



McCoy's name as late as 1887. 

 Spirifer substrigosus Webster. Cliemuiig (Dcy.). 



spirifera substrigosa \Yebster, American Nat., XXII, 1888, p. 1101. 

 Loc. Near Rockford, Iowa. 



Spirifer subsulcatus Hall. Arisaig (Sil.). 



Spirifer subsulcata Hall (nou Dalman, 1828), Canadian Nat. Geol., Y, 1860, p. 



145. 

 Spirifera subsulcata Dawsoii, Acadian Geology, 3d ed., 1878, p. 597.— Miller, N. 



American Geol. and Pal., 1889, p. 376. 

 Loc. Arisaig, Nova Scotia. 



Spirifer snbumboiia Hall=Martinia siibumboiia. 



Spirifer siibmidifera Meek and Wortben = Reticularia snbundiferu. 



Spirifer subvaricosus Hall and Whitfield. ? Hamilton (Dev.). 



Spirifera subvaricosa Hall and Whitfield, Twenty-third Rep. N. Y. State Cab. 

 Nat. Hist., 1872, p. 237, pi. 11, figs. 12-15. 



Loc. Waterloo, Iowa. 

 Spirifer snbventricosus McCliesney=Si)irifer rockyraontana. 

 Spirifer sulcatus Hallr^Ueltbyris sulcata. 



Spirifer sulcifer Sbumard. Upper Carboniferous. 



Spirifer sulcifera Shnmard, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., I, 1858, p. 293, pi. 11, 



fig. 3. 

 Loc. Gnadalupe Mountains, New Mexico. 



Spirifer superbu.^; BillinjiS (non Eicliwald) = Spirifer billingsaua. 

 Spirifer taneyensis Swallow. Chouteau (L. Carb.), 



Spirifer taneyensis Swallow, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., I, 18G0, p. 645. 

 Spirifera taneyensis Keyes. Geol. Survey Missouri, Y, 1895, p. 78. 

 Loc. Taney County, Missouri. 



Spirifer temeraria Miller=Reticularia temeraria. 



