OR, A TREATISE ON PILE. 33 
With 870 grains one inch stretched }? of an inch, elasticity minus 
aE, 
90 
73 920. « 6“ 18 “ ‘6c i =s 
73 970 6“ “ ae “e 6“ “ 13 
“e 1,020 oe ee 29 ae “ ac 18 
“ce 1,070 ce ee 3 ee ae “ce 13 
Os ile eae ft 32 t ‘ a lies 
ESI CON tf ue G: ee «20 
ce 1,220 ce “ee oe ce ae ins 22 
T2708 “at broke: 
9. Hairs of the Limbs and their Button —These buttons vary much in length on 
different individuals. 
Figure 31 a represents one of the forearm; where “a,” is the button; ‘“,” portions of 
the follicle; ‘‘c,’”’ the shaft with its transverse strie; ‘d,” a portion of a disrupted vessel ; 
‘“‘e,”’ a part of the tissue torn out. 
A hair from the back of the hand has a length of 4 an inch; is in shape eccentrically 
elliptical ; greatest diameter, 54,; smallest, ;1,; button, club-shaped; sometimes they are 
somewhat hamate ; the shalt tapers gradually, and in the centre is an interrupted, dark, 
coloring matter; disk, exhibits an oval, white central spot. 
Of the downy Hairs of the body, (lanigo,) and their Buttons.—The word “down” is from 
the Danish “dunn,” and means soft wool, or tender hair. Lanvigo has the same meaning. 
These downy hairs bear the same relation to larger hairs that down does to feathers. 
They are of various lengths on different individuals. ‘The buttons are sometimes club- 
shaped, and at others pestle-shaped. 
It is probable that the button of pile is more perishable than the shaft; for, upon a lock 
of Mexican mummy hair, which is otherwise in good preservation, not a vestige of a 
button is to be seen. Fig. 32@ represents one of these hairs, and attention is called to 
the singular shape of its posterior termination. 
On a hair belonging to a lock of a Peruvian mummy, which is represented in Fig. 32 4, 
there is no button. 
In a lock of hair, expelled from the uterus, presented by Dr. Frost, of Charleston, South 
Carolina, we could find no hair with a button. 
We have a lock of ovarian hair, presented by Professor Paul B. Goddard, M. D., of this 
city. We found only two buttons; and upon another lock of ovarian hair, presented by 
Professor Wiliam E. Horner, M. D., late of this city, no button could be found. 
We have several hair-balls. found in the stomachs of Ruminants, the buttons upon the 
hairs of which are few in number, and are generally diminutive in size, and distorted. 
Fig. 33 represents the ovarian hair first mentioned,—where “a,”’ is the button; ‘*é,” the 
shaft, exhibiting the scales of the cortex; ‘‘c,”’ a white substance, which is probably the 
remains of the sheath, with which it is invested. 
We have dwelt upon the button of pile, but not more than the importance of its study 
demands, as will be made manifest in different parts of this work. 
Some general remarks as regards Puttons.—1. To have a button, is characteristic of an 
ordinary hair of a healthy subject, and when it has arrived at maturity. 
