OR, A TREATISE ON PILE. 147 
Button, little more than a swelling; length, ;34,; greatest diameter, 1°,—that of the 
shaft being ;7, of a millimeter; a slight club at the lower extremity; sheath, white, trans- 
parent; length, 2; diameter, 1 of a millimeter; shaft, uniform in shape and diameter ; 
cortex, white, fibrous, transversely striated and transparent; fibres, white, transparent; 
disks, exhibit a white centre, which is sometimes eccentrically elliptical, being ;3; by 
73> of a millimeter; at others, the shape of a chain shot, and at others, strie irregular ; 
apex, pointed. (See fig. 97.) 
The Pile of the Back.—Length, 33 inches; shape, imperfectly cylindrical; compressed 
on three sides; diameter, ;35 0f a millimeter; shaft, irregular; color, ight brown; slightly 
undulated ; apex, pointed. 
Ductility, Elasticity and Tenacity.— 
With 170 grains one inch stretched 2; of an inch, elasticity entire. 
$F QQ2OW, 06 f $n e minus 2; 
‘“c“ 270 “cc cc oon ‘ec ‘c ao 
«ce 470 6c cc oon c “c 5 
“ce 520 “ce ce a0 cc “cc 3D 
6c 570 “ec “cc 9. cc “c = 2 
90 90 
a 620 6c cc Lal “ce ! “cc 5 
~ 90 90 
‘ 6 ‘ ‘ 
(73 670 6c ¢ 16 ‘ ‘ ae 
ce 720 ‘ ‘ 18 ve oe 12 
“ 770 “ broke. Fracture, compound. 
Disk, exhibits a dark colored white, of a compressed cylinder, with a white centre 
formed by the union of three white dots, so arranged as to form together a compressed 
right angle triangle. The great ductility of this pile, especially that of the breast, indi- 
cates a great degree of softness, which compensates for its comparative coarseness. (See 
fig. 97.) 
Or THe Vicunta, (CamMELus Vicuena.)—This animal also belongs to the genus Lama, 
and the tribe of ‘* Camels.” He is about as large as a Sheep, and is equally remarkable 
for his fawn colored wool of an admirable fineness and softness. He inhabits the heights 
of the Andes in Peru and Chili; where he is sought for his wool, to be fabricated into 
precious stuffs. (Hlem. de Zéol., 435.) 
The animal from which our specimens were taken was from Buenos Ayres. He is 
smaller than the Lama Anchenia, his limbs more neatly formed, and no protuberance on 
the breast. He is of a reddish-brown color on the upper part of the body, and whitish- 
brown below. Dr. Von Tschudi says, that in Tarmaand its neighborhood the natives 
weave an exquisitely fine description of woollen cloth from the fleece of the Vicunia and 
Alpaca. <A poncho, made of these materials, will sell for one hundred to one hundred and 
twenty dollars. The hairs are the long and short, from the back and sides. 
Or rHE Paca or Atpaca.—This is the vulgar name of ove variety of another species 
of the Lama, viz: the L. Guanaco. The Guanaco is found in all the high mountains otf 
an 
od 
