158 TRICHOLOGIA MAMMALIUM ; 
for he was ‘“‘a keeper of Sheep ;” but there were no doubt wild ones ever since, and even 
are at the present day, if we believe travelers. 
Or THE TWo SPECIES ofr SueEP.—It is very evident to us that there are two distinct 
species of Sheep, viz:— 
Ist. The nairy Sheep, and 
2d. The wooiry Sheep. - 
The hairy Sheep (when perfect) has no moo/, and the woolly Sheep (when perfect) has 
not a hair on it. We have already described hair and wool, and shown how the latter is 
admirably calculated for the manufacture of felts and all cloths which are required to full, 
and the former to the manufacture of flannel, worsted, blankets, hose, and all articles that 
are required not to shrink. 
The fleece of the hairy Sheep has sometimes been called “long wool,” and that of the 
woolly Sheep ‘short wool;” but the truth is, that the former is not wool at all, and these 
“long”? and “short”? names should be discontinued, being calculated to mislead. 
In the manufacture of fabrics that are required not to shrink, the hair should be combed 
and spun, but never scribbled nor carded. 'The object of this is to preserve the same 
direction of filaments that they had on the back of the animal, when the scales are not 
opposed to each other, and whence they have no tendency to entangle, even should they 
become loose. 
But it will be objected that there are Sheep that have on them both hazy and wool. We 
admit it, and shall now proceed to show that the existence of such mongre/s is no objection 
whatever to our division into two pure species. Butas the discussion of this point involves 
nearly the whole art of sheep-breeding, it is time that we should reduce what we have to 
say to order. 
RvuLE.—THE SHEEP-BREEDER SHOULD NEVER CROSS THE TWO SPECIES OF SHEEP, VIZ: 
Tue Harry Sueep anp THE Woo.ty Sueer.—This is the most important direction we 
have to give—it is the golden ruwle—the primatus principatus—a rule, the more necessary to 
be dwelt upon, as its adverse has been countenanced by authority, and has been acted upon 
by those whose example has been deemed worthy of being followed. Its discussion 
divides into two questions, viz :— 
Ist. Whether the hacry Sheep and the woolly Sheep really belong to two distinct species ? 
and 
2d. Whether, by the amalgamation of two distinct species of animals, a permanent, self- 
supporting race, possessing equally the properties of both parents, can be produced? 
The learned have not always agreed upon a definition of the term “species.” On the 
contrary, it has been used in different senses, according to the mode or subject, whether 
literary, popularly, logically, or zodlogically and physiologically. In its zodlogical and 
physiological meaning, it is (according to the Rev. Thomas Smith) “a fixed principle, 
founded upon the indefinite varieties of which animal life is capable.” In regard to proof, 
he considers common parentage as the best evidence which the nature of the case admits; 
but as this cannot always be traced, he does not exclude other proof. 
