OR, A TREATISE ON PILE. 159 
We acknowledge that we prefer the definitions of species given respectively by Van 
Amringe and Mills; but we do not think that it would be hazarding too much to affirm, 
that under almost any other definition of it, to be found in the books, the modification of 
an animal from being entirely covered with hair to being entirely covered with wool, when 
permanently native in its race, is sufficient ground for a specific distinction. 
That this is the case with the most perfect kind of animal known, we think we have 
proven in “The Classification of Mankind by the Hair and Wool of their Heads,” to which 
we refer; andif we have, the argument from analogy, in regard to the two species of Sheep, 
is irresistible; but even if it shall not be conceded that we have, heretofore shown, by the 
hair and wool, that man is not confined to one species, we shall contend, and shall endea- 
vor to prove, that there are twvo species of Sheep. 
“Species (says Van Amringe) is a constitutional organization in a race of animals, pro- 
ducing a similarity of functions, in which they agree with all animals of the same genus 
in generic character; but differ from races of the same genus, in modifications of generic 
character, in regard to form, color, instincts, or intellectual power, and which we have 
good reason to believe to be permanently native in the race.” 
Now, in considering the permanent modifications of generic character, as regards form, 
let us see whether naturalists, generally, have not been influenced by discrepancies of a 
much less decided character than those which distinguish the hairy Sheep from the woolly 
Sheep. 
The general similitude between the Horse and the Ass is very striking, the difference 
between them (if we throw out of view a discrepancy in the dimensions of the head and 
ears) consisting in the color and marking of the pile ; yet where is the natutalist who has 
put them in the same species? 
The Zebra, which has pretty much the same form as the Horse and the Ass, is placed 
in another species, on account of the singular disposition of the colors of his hair. 
(‘Equus lineis transversis versicolor.’’) 
The Quagga, the Onagga, and the Dziggtai, between whom and the Horse and the Ass 
there exists still slighter shades of difference, are all considered as distinct species. 
The two species of Camel are distinguished by the first having one, and the second 
having é7vo humps on the back, and they are never placed together.* 
There are two species of Rhinoceros, one having one, and the other having to horns. 
There are several species of Deer-kind, which are known mainly by the difference in 
the horns. 
Some species of Monkey are distinguished by the presence, and others by the absence of 
the tad. 
Sloths are separated into species by the number of their éoes. 
And in Peru there are two species of Lizard, the only difference between which is, that 
the one has an orifice in the thighs for the passage of a gland, which the other has not. 
* There are two species of Carabou, (Tarandus arcticus and T. hastalis,) the difference between them (aceording to Prof. 
Baird) consisting in size, difference and dimensions of the antlers, the existence of a gall-bladder found in one and not in 
the other, and different geographical distribution. (See Patent Office Report of 1851, p. 105.) 
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