CHAPTER I. 
GENERAL RELATIONS. — 
The Paleozoic rocks of New Jersey fall naturally into three geo- 
graphic divisions. The first of these is the Delaware valley area, lying 
to the northwest of the Kittatinny mountain, between the crest of 
the mountain and the Delaware river; the second area is the Kitta- 
tinny valley, lying between the Kittatinny mountain on the northwest 
and the crystalline highlands on the southeast; the third division in- 
cludes several smaller outlying areas within the region occupied by the 
Pre-cambrian crystalline rocks, which are entirely surrounded by the 
crystalline rocks or by the crystalline rocks on one side and the Triassic 
sandstones on the other. The areas of paleozoic sedimentary strata 
within the crystalline highlands occupy the valleys of the Musconetcong 
and Pohatcong rivers, the valley of the South Branch of the Raritan 
river from Califon northeastwardly to beyond German Valley, and 
the area known as the Green Pond mountain region, which extends 
from near Port Oram northeastwardly to the New York State line at 
Greenwood lake, having its greatest width a little south of New- 
foundland. Between the German Valley and the Green Pond moun- 
tain regions there are several additional, much smaller areas. On the 
border between the crystalline highlands and the red Triassic sand- 
stones there is a smal] area extending northeast for a short distance 
from the Delaware river at a point about two miles south of Riegels- 
ville, another at Little York, another of considerable extent extending 
from Pattenburg eastwardly to beyond Clinton. There is a small 
area about Pottersville and another larger one extending northeast- 
wardly from Peapack. With the exception of the Green Pond moun- 
tain region, the geologic formations of all of these outlying areas are 
essentially the same as those in the Kittatinny valley, but in the Green 
Pond mountain regions several conspicuous geologic formations occur 
which are seen nowhere else in the State. 
The geologic formations of the Delaware valley area are all of 
Silurian and Deyonian age, covering a period extending from the time 
(7) 
