CHAPTER IX. 
FAUNAS OF DEVONIAN AGE. 
All the Paleozoic formations in New Jersey lying above the Manlius 
limestone are referable to the Devonian period. The formations 
recognized are the Coeymans limestone, the New Scotland beds, the 
Becraft limestone and the Kingston beds belonging to the Helder- 
bergian series. Following these is the Oriskany formation, with its 
beds of siliceous limestones and sandstone; then comes the Esopus 
slate, followed by the Onondaga limestone. All these formations 
occur in the Delaware Valley region. In the Green Pond region there 
are some still younger Devonian formations. The Newfoundland grit 
is usually a quartzite with fossils of Onondaga age; following this are 
the Monroe shales and Bellvale flags of Hamilton age, and the Skunne- 
munk conglomerate, which is undoubtedly Devonian in age, aluinorgin 
it has not been found to be fossiliferous. 
In the Helderbergian series only two faunas have been differentiated 
and described separately, they being the Coeymans limestone fauna 
and the New Scotland-Becraft fauna, the faunas of the two latter 
formations having so much in common, although each has some 
peculiar species, that it has been thought best to include them together 
in one faunal group. The Kingston beds have not been found to be 
fossiliferous in New Jersey, unless the “trilobite bed” characterized 
by Dalmanttes dentatus should be considered as the summit of the 
formation. This bed, however, contains so many species allying it 
with the superjacent Oriskany that it has been considered as being of 
lower Oriskany age, and its fauna is treated separately. The higher 
Oriskany faunas, although two distinct faunal zones may be easily 
recognized, are all described together. The Esopus slate is unfos- 
siliferous, and the fauna of the Onondaga limestone is a small one. 
From the Green Pond region the fauna of the Newfoundland grit is 
treated by itself, while those of the Monroe shales and Bellvale flags 
are described together. 
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