LITERATURE. 271 



" The scapular arch, and the bones of the wings and legs, 

 all conform closely to the true ornithic type. The wings 

 were large in proportion to the legs, and the humerus had 

 an extended radial crest. The metacarpals were united, as 

 in ordinary birds. The bones of the posterior extremities 

 resemble those of swimming birds. The vertebrae (see fig. 

 592, c and c') were all biconcave, the concavities at each end 

 of the centra being distinct and nearly alike. Whether the 

 tail was elongated cannot at present be determined ; but the 

 last vertebra of the sacrum was unusually large. 



" The bird was fully adult, and about as large as a pigeon. 

 With the exception of the skull, the bones do not appear to 

 have been pneumatic, though most of them are hollow. The 

 species was carnivorous, and probably aquatic." — (Marsh.) 



Apatornis agrees with Ichthyornis in most of the above 

 characters, but the structure of its jaws is not fully known. 

 It follows from the above that the order Odontotormm is 

 characterised by the possession of distinct teeth sunk in sep- 

 arate sockets in the jaw and not in a continuous groove, hy the 

 fact that the vertehroi are hieoncave, and ty the possession of a 

 carinate sternum and well-developed icings. 



LITERATURE. 



1. Article "Aves." Owen. 'Todd's Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and 



Physiology.' 1836. 



2. Article " Birds." Newton and Parker. * Encycloppedia Britan- 



nica.' 9tli ed. 1875. 



3. " Recherches Anatomiques et Paleontologiques pour servir a 



I'liistoire des Oiseaux fossiles de la France." Alphonse Milne- 

 Edwards. 1867-77. 



4. " British Fossil Mammals and Birds." Owen. 1846. 



5. " On Dinornis." Owen. < Trans. Zool. Soc' 1839-64. 



6. " Osteology of the Dodo." Owen. ' Trans. Zool. Soc' 1867. 



7. " The Dodo and its Kindred." Strickland and Melville. 1848. 



8. " Memoir on the Dodo." Owen. 1866. 



9. " Osteology of the Solitaire or Didine Bird of the Tsland of 



Rodriguez." Alfred Newton and Edward Newton. ' Phil. 

 Trans.' 1869. 



10. " On the Solitaire." Owen. ' Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist,' ser. 



5, vol. i. 1878. 



11. " Archseopteryx macrura." Owen. ' Phil. Trans.' 1863. 



