118 



CHAPTER XLTL 



ORDERS OF MAMMALIA (Continued). 



Ungulata. 



Order VI. Ungulata. — The order of the Uiujulata, or 

 Hoofed Quadrupeds, is one of the largest and most import- 

 ant of all the divisions of the Mammalia. It comprises 

 three entire old orders — namely, the Pachyclermata, Solidun- 

 fjvla, and Buminantia. 



The first of these old divisions — that of the Pacliydermata 

 — included the Elephants, Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus, Tapirs, 

 and the Pigs, all characterised, as the name imyjlies, by their 

 thick integuments. The name is still used to express this 

 fact, though the order is now al^andoned, and is merged with 

 that of the Uiujulata ; the Elephants alone being removed to 

 a separate order under the name of Proboscidea. 



The second old order — that of the Solidungula or Soli- 

 pedes — included the Horse, Zebra, and Ass, all characterised 

 by the fact that the foot terminates in a single toe, encased 

 in an expanded hoof. The name Solidunynla is still retained 

 for these animals, as a section of the Ungulata. 



The third old order — that of the Ruminaniia — includes 

 all those animals, such as Oxen, Slieep, Goats, Camels, 

 Giraffes, Deer, and others, which chew the cud or "ruminate," 

 and have two functional toes to each foot, encased in hoofs. 

 The name Rumuiantia is still retained for tliese animals, as 

 constituting a most natural group of the Uivjulata. 



All these various animals, then, are now grou^ied together 



