RUMINANTIA. 



355 



The dental formula, then, for a typical Euminant animal, 



is- 



0—0 0—0 



3—3' 



-1' 



pm 7 



3o o 



O O 



- : m = 32. 



-3 3—3 



The departures from this typical formula occur in the Cam- 

 elidce, the Tragididce, and in some of the Deer. Most of the 

 Deer conform in their dentition to the above formula, but a 

 few forms {e.g., the Muntjak) have canine teeth in the upper 

 jaw. These upper canines, however, are mostly confined to 

 the males ; and if they occur in the females, they are of a 

 small size. The dentition of the Camelidm (Camels and 

 Llamas) is still more aberrant, there being two canine-like 

 upper incisors and ujDper canines as well. The lower canines 

 also are more pointed and stand more erect than the lower 

 incisors, and slightly separated from them, so that they are 

 easily recognisable. The group of the Buminantia includes 

 the families of the Camelidce (Camels and Llamas), the Tra- 

 gididce (Chevrotains), the Ccrvidm (Deer), the Camelopardalidm 

 (Giraffe), and the Cavicornia (Oxen, Sheep, Goats, Antelopes). 

 a. Camelidce {Tylopoda). — The Camels and Llamas consti- 

 tute in many respects an aberrant group of the Buminantia, 

 especially as regards their dentition and the conformation of 

 the feet. The upper jaw (fig. 647) carries, in the living 



Fig. 647. — Side view of skull of Camelus BcKtrianus. i. Upper iiifiisor; c, c, Canines ; 

 pin. Isolated prfemolar. (After Giebel.) 



forms, three teeth on each side in front, separated by slight 

 intervals. The most anterior of these is a conical incisor ; 

 the central one is a canine, and the hindmost is the first 



