RUMINANTIA. 



357 



Auchenia are also found in the bone-caves of Brazil, and in 

 the Post-Tertiary of North America (fig. 648, a). At the 

 present day the Llamas are exclusively confined to South 

 America, but they seem to have abounded in the Quaternary 



Fig. 64S. — A, First molar of Auclienia ]iestenia, viewed from above — Quaternary deposits of 

 California ; c, Grinding surface of the last lower molar of Procamchis Virginiensis — Miocene, 

 North America ; b. Grinding surface of the last praemolar and first molar of the same. All 

 the figures are of the natural size. (After Leidy.) 



of I^orth America, and one of the fossil species (Auchenia 

 hesterna) seems to have much exceeded both the living 

 species of the genus in size, and to have been larger than 

 the existing Camels. Lastly, in the Drift-deposits of Siberia 

 (of Post-PUocene age) are found the molar teeth of an extinct 

 genus of Camelidce, to which the name of Merycotherimn has 

 been given. 



h. Tragulidce. — This group comprises certain small Eumi- 

 nants, the so-called " Chevrotains " {Tragulus), which have 

 been generally associated with the true Musk-deer (Moschus) 

 in a single family, under the name of 3Ioschidce. The re- 

 searches of Milne-Edwards and Flower, however, would prove 

 that Moschus itself is really one of the Cervidce or Deer proper, 

 and that the Chevrotains form a group by themselves. 



The Tragulidce are characterised by the total absence of 

 horns in both sexes, and by the presence of canines in both 

 jaws, those in the upper jaw (fig. 649) being in the form of 

 tusks in the males, but much smaller in the females. The 

 third stomach, or " psalterium," is wanting, and the placenta 

 is diffuse. The feet have supplementary toes, and the meta- 

 carpals of the middle and ring digits either unite in late life 

 to form a canon-bone, or remain (as in Hyomosckus) perma- 

 nently separate. 



