RUMINANTIA. 367 



in an admirable paper on the affinities of Sivatherium, lias 

 drawn attention to the fact that the Prong-buck sheds the 

 sheath of its horns annually, and has suggested that this 

 may have also been the case with the extinct form. This 

 hypothesis is rendered probable, amongst other reasons, by 

 the fact that no sheath has as yet been discovered surround- 

 ing the horn-cores of either pair of horns in the Sivatherium. 

 Upon the whole, therefore, the above-mentioned zoologist 

 would refer Sivatherium to a distinct group which he terms 

 Sivatheridm, and regards as being most nearly related to the 

 Antilocapridce. 



Bramatheriwrn has been found in deposits of the same 

 age as Sivatherium, with which it agrees in its colossal 

 dimensions and its possession of two pairs of hollow horns. 

 It differs from Sivatherium, however, in certain details of 

 minor importance. 



The Sheep and Goats {Oviclai) have mostly horns in both 

 sexes, and the horns are generally curved, compressed, and 

 turned more or less backwards. The body is heavier, and 

 the legs shorter and stouter, than in the true Antelopes. 

 In the true Goats [Cajpra) both sexes have horns, and there 

 are no lachrymal sinuses. The true Sheep {Ovis) are 

 destitute of a beard, and the horns are generally twisted 

 into a spiral. Horns may be present in both sexes, or in 

 the males only. 



The Sheep and Goats are of no importance as fossils, 

 unless, indeed, as believed by high authorities, the Musk-ox 

 should be referred to the Ovidm. Here, however, it will be 

 considered as belonging to the Bovidm. Remains of both 

 Sheep and Goats have been discovered in various Post- 

 Tertiary deposits in Europe, but they present nothing of 

 special interest. Xo remains of Ovidm are known at 

 present from any deposits older than the Post-Pliocene. 



The true Oxen {Bovidce) are distinguished by having 

 simple horns, of a rounded shape, not twisted into a spiral. 

 The oldest known remains of Oxen, so far as known, are 

 those of the Upper Miocene of India, in which we find 

 various extinct species of the living genus Bos, together with 

 the extinct genera Hemihos and Aynphihos. In the Pliocene 



