CAPRIFOLIACEA, SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 23 
VIBURNUM RUFIDULUM. 
Black Haw. 
Lzaves elliptical-ovate or elliptical-obovate, their petioles winged. Winter-buds 
short-pointed, ferrugineo-tomentose. 
Viburnum rufidulum, Rafinesque, Alsograph. Am. 56 Viburnum ferrugineum, Small, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club, 
(1838). iv. 128, t. 78 (not Rafinesque) (1894) ; Bull. Torrey Bot. 
Viburnum prunifolium, 8 ferrugineum, Torrey & ‘Club, xxi. 306. — Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club, v. 
Gray, Fl. N. Am. ii. 15 (not Viburnum ferrugineum, 305. 
Rafinesque) (1841). Viburnum rufotomentosum, Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. 
Viburnum prunifolium, Chapman, #7. 171 (not Linnzus) Club, xxiii. 410 (1896). — Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. iii. 
(1860). — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census 238, £. 3446. — Mohr, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. vi. 743 
U. S. ix. 94 (in part); Silva N. Am. v.99 (in part), t. (Plant Life of Alabama).— Britton, Man. 872. — Gat- 
225, £. 11.— Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 156 tinger, Fl. Tennessee, 156. 
(Man. Pl. W. Texas). 
A tree, often forty feet in height, with a trunk from twelve to eighteen inches in diameter, and 
short thick branches forming an open irregular head. The bark of the trunk is from one quarter 
to one half of an inch in thickness and is separated into narrow rounded ridges divided by numerous 
cross fissures and roughened by small plate-like dark brown scales tinged with red. The branchlets 
are stout and marked by numerous small red-brown or orange lenticels, and when they first appear 
are more or less coated with ferrugineous tomentum, which also clothes the obtuse winter-buds, the 
wings of the petioles, and the lower surface of the unfolding leaves ; during their first winter they are 
ashy gray, dark dull red-brown in their second season, and then gradually grow darker. The leaves 
are elliptical-ovate or elliptical-obovate, rounded, occasionally acute or obtuse at the short-pointed apex, 
rounded or wedge-shaped at the base, finely serrate, with slender apiculate straight or incurved teeth, 
coriaceous, dark green and very lustrous on the upper surface, and pale and dull on the lower surface ; 
they are usually about three inches long and from three quarters of an inch to an inch and a half 
wide, with stout yellow midribs, numerous slender primary veins and reticulate veinlets more or less 
covered below throughout the season with the rufous tomentum which is also occasionally found on the 
upper side of the midribs and which is characteristic of this species ; they are borne on stout grooved 
petioles which vary from one half to three quarters of an inch in length, and are margined with broad 
or narrow wings. The inflorescence buds are broadly ovate, full and rounded at the base, abruptly 
narrowed above and short-pointed and obtuse at the apex, compressed, often half an inch long and a 
third of an inch wide, with four pairs of boat-shaped scales coated on the outer surface with ferrugineous 
tomentum. The flowers are produced in compound sessile or stalked three to five but usually four- 
rayed thick-stemmed ferrugineo-pubescent corymbs often five or six inches in diameter, with minute 
subulate bracts and bractlets. The calyx is obconic, with short rounded lobes, and the corolla is 
creamy white and often a quarter of an inch in diameter when expanded, with orbicular or oblong 
rounded lobes. The stamens with slender filaments and light yellow anthers, are exserted, and the 
style is thick, conical, and terminated by a broad stigma. The fruit ripens in October, and is borne in 
few-fruited drooping red-stemmed clusters ; it is oblong or slightly obovate, bright blue covered with a 
glaucous bloom, and about half an inch long. The stone is corneous, much compressed, and concave. 
1 The description of Viburnum prunifolium in the fifth volume of tomentose covering of its winter-buds, the larger and more coria- 
this work was made to include this southern tree. The shape and  ceous leaves with more or less broadly winged ferrugineo-tomentose 
