JUGLANDACER, SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 45 
HICORIA CAROLINAL-SEPTENTRIONALIS. 
Shagbark Hickory. 
LEAFLETS usually 5, lanceolate. Fruit subglobose ; nut ovate, compressed, angled, 
thin-shelled, nearly white or pale brown. 
Hicoria Carolinz-septentrionalis, Ashe, Notes on the Mohr, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. vi. 463 (Plant Life 
Hickories of the United States (1896); Bull. No. 6, of Alabama). — Britton, Man. 324. — Gattinger, FV. 
North Carolina Geolog. Surv. 20; Bot. Gazette, xxviii. Tennessee, 65. 
271. — Britton & Brown, Ji. Fl. iii. 511, £. 1154 a.— 
A tree, on moist bottom-lands sometimes eighty feet in height, with a trunk from two to three feet 
in diameter, and short small branches which form a narrow oblong head, or on dry hillsides usually not 
more than twenty or thirty feet tall, with a trunk which generally does not exceed a foot in diameter.’ 
The bark of the trunk is light gray, from one quarter to one half of an inch in thickness and separates 
freely into thick strips which are often a foot or more long and three or four inches wide and which do 
not fall for a long time, giving to the trunk the shaggy appearance of the northern Shagbark Hickory. 
The terminal winter-buds are ovate, gradually narrowed to the obtuse apex, and about a quarter of an 
inch long, with glabrous bright red-brown lustrous acute and apiculate strongly keeled spreading outer 
scales and accrescent obovate inner scales which when fully grown are bright yellow and sometimes 
two inches in length and long-pointed. The axillary buds are oblong, obtuse, and not more than a 
sixteenth of an inch long. The leaves vary from four to eight inches in length and are composed of 
slender glabrous nearly terete petioles, and usually five but occasionally three leaflets, the terminal short- 
stalked and the lateral sessile. The leaflets are lanceolate, acuminate and long-pointed at the apex, 
gradually narrowed at the base, which is acuminate and symmetrical, or rounded on the upper side and 
unsymmetrical, and coarsely serrate, with incurved teeth which are ciliate on the margins with long 
white caducous hairs when the leaves unfold; at maturity the leaflets are thin, dark green on the 
upper surface, and pale yellow-green and lustrous on the lower surface, the three upper being three or 
four inches long, from an inch to an inch and a half wide, and about twice as large as those of the 
lower pair. In the autumn the leaves turn dull brown or yellow-brown some time before fallmg. The 
flowers appear from the middle to the end of April when the leaves are nearly fully grown. The stami- 
nate flowers are borne in ternate slightly villose pedunculate aments from the base of the shoots of the 
year; they are pedicellate, glandular-hirsute on the outer surface, with four stamens, and are much 
shorter than their linear acuminate villose bracts. The pistillate flowers, which are produced in usually 
two-flowered spikes, are oblong and covered with clustered articulate golden hairs, and their bract is 
linear and ciliate on the margins. The fruit is broader than it is high, or short-oblong, and is slightly 
depressed at the apex, from three quarters of an inch to an inch and a half wide, dark red-brown, and 
roughened by small pale lenticels, with a husk which varies from one eighth to nearly three eighths of 
an inch in thickness and splits freely almost to the base. The nut is ovate, compressed, prominently 
four-angled, acute at the ends, nearly white or pale brown, and from three quarters of an inch to an 
inch long, with a thin shell and a large sweet seed. 
Hicoria Caroline-septentrionalis grows on dry limestone hills and on river-bottoms, and is dis- 
1 According to Small (in litt.) Hicoria Caroline-septentrionalis in and forms a trunk four feet in diameter. I have not seen such 
limestone soil on the bottoms of Chickamauga Creek near Chatta- specimens. Hicoria ovata and Hicoria laciniosa grow to a great size 
nooga, Tennessee, grows to a height of more than one hundred feet _ on the alluvial bottoms of this stream. 
