Geology of Deerfield, Sc. 107 
tive continues; with a few exceptions, to the ocean. The map 
might also be extended to the boundary of Connecticut, by 
prolonging the primitive ranges with some divergency, and 
colouring the intermediate space secondary, except a narrow 
tract on the east side of Connecticut river, which is alluvial. 
These extensions were not thought necessary. 
In the town of Gill, at E, there is a cataract in Connecticut 
river, from 30 to 40 feet in height ; and it is believed that the 
alluvial region, and part of the secondary shown on the map 
from this fall to the place where the river passes between 
mount Holyoke and Tom, was formerly the bed of a lake: 
for the logs are still found undecayed in many places, from 
10 to 20 feet below the surface ; the river has evidently worn 
4 passage between Holyoke and Tom: many of the hills on 
the northern part, and the sandstone on the plain, bear the 
marks of having been washed by water, and the channels of 
two rivers are still visible in Deerfield, the one 30, and the 
other 100 feet above the present bed of Connecticut river. 
Between Mount Tom and the mouniains west, there is a 
secondary plain of sufficient height to throw back the water 
over the Supposed bed of the lake, before a passage was worn 
between Holyoke and Tom. South of these hills commences 
another alluvial and secondary tract, extending on both sides 
of the river to Haddam, in Connecticut, where the river passes 
between mountains, and perhaps this region also was the bed 
ofa lake, 
The plain on which the village of Deerfield stands, with the 
adjoining meadows, is sunk 50 or 60 feet below the general 
alluvial tract, and was undoubtedly the bed of a pond, or small 
ee remained after the larger one of which we have 
field y; ad subsided. When this larger lake decreased, Deer- 
tices a was cut off from a communication with the Connec- 
from uf e mountain CD, and the plain extending westward 
ea = mountain. There is a tradition, derived from the 
ay S of Deerfield, that the passage in which Deerfield 
Squaw W runs through the mountain CD, was begun by a 
With a clam-shell. 3 
