108 Geology of Deerfield, §c. 
On the margin of these meadows, at considerable elevation, 
numerous small conical excavations appear. On digging below 
the surface, stones are found calcined by fire. These are 
probably the spots where Indian wigwams formerly stood. 
Many vestiges of the aboriginals are frequently found in 
Deerfield, such as beads, stone pots, mortars, pipes, axes, and 
the barbs of arrows and pikes. Near the village they hada 
burial-ground, where many skeletons have been uncovered. 
A roll of human hair was lately found here, by Mr. J. C. Hoyt 
of Deerfield, three-fourths of an inch in diameter, and three 
inches long, closely tied by a string made of the hide of some 
animal, which string was encircled by brass or copper clasps 
greatly oxidized ; but the hair and string were in a good stat 
of preservation, though they must have lain there more than 4 
century. In the meadows, logs, leaves, butternuts, and wal- 
nuts are found undecayed, 15 feet below the surface; and 
stumps of trees have been observed at that depth, standing yet 
firmly where they once grew. In the same meadows, 2 [eW 
years since, several toads were dug up from 15 feet below the 
surface, and three feet in gravel. They soon recovered from 
a torpid state and hopped away. = 
The small range of hills, beginning at the south line of Deer 
field, and terminating in Gill, deserves description. At its 
commencement on the south, a conical hill, called Sugar Loaf, 
of red conglomerate, rises abruptly from the plain 500 feet 
The appearance of this hill, as you come from the south, # 
picturesque, and it is an interesting feature of the country: 
e range becomes higher for three miles, where, at its 
greatest elevation, it is 730 feet above the bed of Deerfield 
river. The west side of the mountain is precipitous, and 2 
some places naked. The ascent on the other side is gentle 
Both sides of this hill are sandstone and puddingstone, fre- 
quently alternating : though these are most extensive on the 
west side, and as we rise, the puddingstone predominates: ; 
strata dip to the east about 10 degrees. Near the centre of 
this range is a ridge of greenstone, with a mural face on the 
west, and amorphous masses lying at the base, half way up 
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