Geology of Deerfield, &c. ili 
fall in Gill. In this last place bituminous shale has been 
noticed. 
In Mount Toby, in Sunderland, is a cave nearly 150 feet 
above the bed of Connecticut river. It opens to the north 
and west, forming a quarter of a circle, is 130 feet in extent, 
60 feet deep, and from 3 to 20 wide. A little to the south of 
it, is afissure in the puddingstone, formed by a separation of 
the rock, ten feet wide, and as deep as the cave. So perfect 
is this division, that it appears as if cloven down by the sword 
of some Titan. Perhaps this cave and fissure were formed 
by the washing of the waters of the lake we have mentioned 
on the sandstone and conglomerate beneath; thus causing 
the superincumbent rock to fall and separate. There is no 
appearance of any other convulsion. Imperfect calcareous 
stalactites are found in this cave. 
The falls in Connecticut river, at E, are not unworthy of 
notice. The river here is about 40 rods wide, and the height 
of the main cataract, raised considerably by an artificial dam, 
is 30 feet. The fall continues two miles. On the north bank 
you view the cataract from elevated ground, and can see 
the river nearly a mile above and below—above, perfectly 
smooth and calm,—below, forming a quarter of a circle, and 
tumbling among the broken rocks. On the opposite side of 
the river are a few buildings, the commencement of a canal, 
and, behind these, moderately elevated hills, covered with 
Woods, Two rocky islands near the middle of the descending 
sheet, and another thirty rods below, add much to the beauty 
of the view. Looking from the southeast shore, you havea 
Partial prospect of the falls, and a view of an amphitheatre of 
sreenstone hills, through which a small river empties. The 
Neasure derived from the view proceeds more from its wild- 
hess than its sublimity. 
The position of the hills, boundaries, and rivers, on the 
“ccompanying map, may not, in all cases, be precisely correct. 
The general outlines were enlarged by a pentegraph from 
Carleton’s map of Massachusetts, and the intermediate objects 
Were placed chiefly by the eye; their relative situations being 
determined by travelling over the ground, and viewing them 
