338 Dewey on Geology of Williamstown, §c. 
in width, and its current is rapid. From the south, runs Green 
River, asmaller stream, and enters the Hoosack one mile north- 
east of the college. The green color of this stream appears to 
be caused by a magnesian clay, which is washed from its banks 
at the south part of the town. At the west is Westbrook, ris- 
ing in Williamstown, and entering the Hoosack one mile and a 
half northwest of the College. The soil in this whole tract is 
generally clayey, rather light for such a soil, and very rich. -A 
gravelly soil appears in a few places, especially at the northern 
part. The interval on the Hoosack extends only a small dis- 
tance from its banks, rarely exceeding, and often much less, 
_ than half a mile, and presents the common appearances of 
alluvial land. Rising from ten to twenty feet above this inter- 
val, the soil is in various places filled with rolled stones of 
quartz and limestone, as if the Hoosack had once been much 
above the banks which confine it at present. It is not impro- 
bable that its waters were formerly intercepted by the bills in 
Pownal, five miles at the northwest, forming a small lake in 
this valley. 
The hills of the Taconick range, (A*) on which passes 
the line between Massachusetts and New York, have gene 
rally an elevation from twelve hundred to fourteen hun- 
dred feet; Pownal Mountain (B) on the north, about fourteen 
hundred; and Oak hill (D) on the northeast, twelve hundred 
feet above the east college (C.) Saddle Mountain (EF) is ap 
insulated mass, separated from the Taconick range by the val- 
ley of Williamstown, and from Hoosack Mountain, by the val- 
ley in Adams. It lies about south southwest, and is nearly 
eight miles in length, and two in breadth. It is composed of 
two ranges, the eastern and highest (FG) being in Adams. The 
mountain has its name from two of its peaks, which present 
at a distance the appearance of the two elevations of a saddle. 
The west range (E) is divided into two parts quite to its base, 
which with the slope of the east range encloses, on three sides, 
an irregular hollow, called the Hopper. (H) The northern 
*See Map. Remark—Prof. Dewey afterwards published in Vol- VI of this 
Journal, an enlarged account and map of this region. _It is therefore deem® 
unnecessary to give again the original map, which is omitted in this reprint. 
Jan, 31, 1830.—Ed. 
