. feet 
“414 Hare’s Mir incor? 
to a point imperceptible to the naked eye. If already so 
highly intense, wherefore the necessity of a further concen- 
tration? Besides, were the distinction made by Dr. Thomson 
correct, the more concentrated fluid generated by a galvanic 
apparatus of a great many small pairs, ought most to resemble 
that of the ordinary electricity; but the opposite is the case. 
The ignition produced by a few large Galvanic plates, where 
the intensity is of course low, is a result most analogous to the 
chemical effects of a common electrical battery. According 
to my view, caloric and electricity may be distinguished by 
the following characteristics. The former permeates all 
matter more or less, though with very different degrees of 
facility. It radiates through air, with immeasurable celerity, 
and distributing itself in the interior of bodies, communicates 
a reciprocally repellent power to atoms, but not to masses. 
Electricity does not radiate in or through any matter; and 
while it pervades some bodies, as metals, with almost infinite 
velocity ; by others, it is so far from being conducted, that it 
can only pass through them by a fracture or perforation. 
Distributing itself over the surfaces only, it causes repulsion be- 
tween masses, but not between the particles of the same 
mass. ‘The ‘disposition of the last-mentioned principle to get 
off by neighboring conductors, and of the other to combine 
with the adjoining matter, or’ to escape by radiation, would 
prevent them from being collected at the positive pole, if not 
in combination with each other. Were it not for a modifica- 
tion of their properties, consequent to some such union, they 
could not, in piles of thousands of pairs, be carried forward 
through the open air and moisture ; ; the one so well calculated 
to conduct away electricity, the other so favorable to the radia- 
tion of caloric. ; 
Pure electricity does not expand the. slips of gold-leaf, be- 
tween which it causes repnision, nor does caloric cause any 
repulsion in the ignited mases which it expands. But as the 
compound fluid extricated by Galvanic action, which I shall 
call electro caloric, distributes itself through the interior of 
bodies and is evidently productive of corpuscular repulsion 
it isin this respect more allied to caloric than to electricity.” 
