48 ERINACEID^— ERINACEUS 



extended accusative form from Latin ericms = ?i hedgehog; itself an 

 extended form of Old Latin rr=a hedgehog, cognate with Greek x>//o. 

 Ericius occurs in the Vulgate. 



Sex names : — Boar and sow. 



Local names (non-Celtic) : — Ftirse-a-boar, as in South Devon and 

 Cornwall; furze-man-pig of Gloucester; hedge-boar or hedge-pig of 

 Buckinghamshire, Somerset, Devon, Cornwall, South Worcester, and 

 Wiltshire ; fiiccple, nisbil, and nyse-bill, no doubt from the Anglo- 

 Saxon an ilcspil^-A. hedgehog's quill {pil=-A. dart), are, through 

 popular confusion, employed as variants, as in Pembroke, and are all 

 that now remains to represent the Anglo-Saxon il ; porpentine, 

 pcrpynt (?), porcupig, pork-point, and porpin, as in Pembroke and 

 Somerset, being all derivatives of poraipine (itself from porc-espin) ; 

 prickle-back urchin and peggy-urchin are longer forms of urchin, and 

 have similar variants ; rock (young) of Somerset ; sharpnails. 



(Celtic): — \x\^\v^grdine6g—''X\\e horrent one," from grain = " loath- 

 ing" or "aversion." Scottish Gaelic — grdineag. Manx — graynag ; 

 arkan-so7iey (Cregeen), both only found in dictionaries (Kermode). 

 Welsh — draenog, draened—" spiny one"; draen y coed— " spiny of the 

 wood"; sarth (?) armell (Pugh). Cornish — sart, zart ; Mid-Cornish — 

 soj't = Welsh sarth. 



Distribution : — Hedgehogs of this type range from sea-level to at 

 least 8000 feet in the Caucasus (Blasius) ; and from about 63°, 61°, and 59° 

 N. lat. in Skandinavia, Russia, and the Urals respectively, to the Mediter- 

 ranean, including Sicily, Sardinia (Woltterstorff), Crete (Bate), and Asia 

 Minor to Mount Lebanon; thence to Erzerum (Thomas), Trebizond, and 

 probably right through to the Caucasus. West and east they are found 

 from Ireland to Peking (Swinhoe), Aigun on the Amoor (Schrenck), 

 the Ussuri country, and Vladivostok. A number of forms inhabit 

 India, Afghanistan, Transcaspia, and Mesopotamia, in the two last of 

 which, together with Cyprus (Bate), is found Heniiecliinus auritus 

 (Gmelin). E. curopcEus is not known from Arabia, Egypt, or Tunis, 

 and in Morocco it is replaced by E. algirus of Duvernoy, which is also 

 the hedgehog of the Balearics (Thomas and Pocock). An Andalusian 

 specimen of E. algirus in the British Museum needs confirmation ; 

 perhaps, like a French record, it may have been due to introduction 

 from the Balearics (see Siepi, Feuillejcunes nat., Paris, 1909, 24-26). 



In the British Islands E. europceus is probably common in every 

 part of England and Wales (including Wight and Anglesey), the Low- 

 lands of Scotland, and Ireland, where it has not been specially per- 

 secuted by man. In his first season as keeper in Hampshire, Owen 

 Jones killed about one hundred and ioxty {Ten Years of Gamekeeping, 

 1909, 100). It is not particular about its surroundings, and frequents 

 with impartiality the Yorkshire hills to at least 1300 feet (Clarke and 



