38 



frequently mentioned and treated of as an enemy to grape vines, straw- 

 berries, and other cultivated plants. In North America, Dr. J. A. Liut- 

 ner {Second New York Report, 1885, p. 51) introduced it, on the testi- 

 mony of Mr, S. Henshaw, as a species injurious to " bulbs and house- 

 plants," Mr. Henshaw's statement apparently referring to injury done 

 in Massachusetts. Quite recently Dr. H. A. Hagen {Psyche, v. 5, No. 

 lG7-'8, March-April, 1890, p. 333) states that this species has injured 

 Cyclamens in greenhouses at Mont vale, Mass., the flowers being de- 

 stroyed and in some instances the bulbs injured. It is not stated 

 whether the latter kind of injury is done by the imago or the larva. In 

 reviewing the history of the species in North America, Dr. Hagen says 

 that " Professor Riley, in his third Missouri report (1871, p. 11), states 

 that the species infests the crown of strawberries, but does not say 

 where it was observed." If Dr. Hagen would carefully read the whole 

 paragraph from which the above passage is quoted he will find that 

 Professor Riley distinctly referred to injury done by weevils in Europe, 

 instancing a number of European species, and among them this Otior- 

 hynchus sulcatus. 



As to the probable future course of this pest we do not anticipate that 

 its injury will be a very serious one nor that it will spread very much, 

 The species was already known from North America to coleopterists 

 more than sixty years ago and is confined to the extreme northeast- 

 ern portion of the country (from New York northward to Newfound 

 land and Nova Scotia). For this reason we are inclined to believe that 

 it is not an imported species but that it belongs (with the other species 

 of O^ioWtywc/tMS known from North America) to the circumpolar fauna. 

 It is a peculiarity of the circumpolar insects that, with few exceptions, 

 they do not seem capable of extending their range southward, at least 

 not at a rapid rate, and they seem further incapable of doing very seri- 

 ous injury. The only notable exceptions that occur to us are Agrotis 

 fennica and OtiorJiynchus ovatus. But either species has not spread over 

 a large stretch of the country. These circumpolar species thus form a 

 most striking contrast to the introduced and cosmopolitan insects and to 

 some extent also to those insect pests which, originally belonging to the 

 Central or South American faunas have advanced from the south, e. g., 

 the Cotton Worm, the Chinch Bug, the Harlequin Cabbage Bug, etc. — 

 E. A. S. 



A CHEAP SPRAYING APPARATUS. 



Our attention is called by the Southern Horticultural Journal of May 

 15 to a cheap spraying apparatus described and figured by Prof. Ro- 

 land Thaxter in Bulletin No. 2 of the Connecticut Experiment Station. 

 It may be constructed by any ingenious person and is designed to take 

 the place, especially in vineyard work, of the more expensive knapsack 

 "Eureka" sprayer manufactured by Adam Weaber & Son, of Vine- 

 iand, N.J. 



The apparatus (Fig. 3) consists of a reservoir, pump and nozzle. The 



