187 



used are, first, the wild forms; ami, second, the cultivated varieties 

 Solonis, Cliuton, and Taylor. Of the cultivated varieties, the Clinton 

 was one of the first vines tried for this purpose and has been extensively 

 used with fair satisfaction. The Solonis now ranks above it, but is 

 valueless for any other purpose on account of the acidity of its grapes. 

 In California, the Lenoir, Herbemont, and Elvira have been used, but 

 late experience shows that the wild Riparia is most satisfactory there, 

 as it is in France. 



The different varieties of Vitis labrusca are less resistant to the Phyl- 

 loxera than those above mentioned. Certain varieties have, however, 

 been grown successfully in France, and of these the Concord has given 

 much the best results ; but others, Isabella and Catawba for example, 

 succumb there to the root-louse, as indeed they do in many sections of 

 this country. 



Of the many valuable hybrids obtained from the American species of 

 Vitis which are serviceable as stocks, tbe more important are the Elvira, 

 Noah, and Viala. The last named, i^erhaps of all the resistant varieties, 

 gives the greatest percentage of successful grafts, and is admirably 

 adapted for grafting on cuttings. 



Eaily in the study of the subject it was found that the nature of the 

 soil has a very marked influence on the success of the different stocks. 

 The subject has now been quite fully investigated in France, and the 

 latest researches are formulated by tbe experimental school at Mont- 

 pellier in the statement quoted below, which will be of interest as giving 

 the various classes of soils, together with the American vines best 

 adapted to each. 



(1) New, deep, fertile soils: Riparia (tomentous and glabrous), Jacquez, Solonis, 

 Viala, Taylor, and Cunningham. 



(2) Deep soils, somewhat strong, not wet : Jacquez, Riparia, Solonis, Cunningham, 

 Viala, Taylor. 



(3) Deep soils of medium consistency, new and not dry in summer: Riparia, Jac- 

 quez, Solonis, Viala, Taylor, Black July. 



(4) Light pebbly soils, deep, well drained, and not too dry in summer : Jacquez, Ri- 

 paria (wild), Taylor, Rupestris. 



(5) Calcareous soils, with subsoil shallow or granitic: Solonis, Rupestris. 



(6) Argillaceous soils, white or gray : Cunningham. 



(7) Argillaceous soils, deep and very wet : V. cinerea. 



(8) Deep, sandy, fertile soils : Riparia (wild), Solonis, Jacquez, Cunningham, Black 

 July, Rupestris. 



(9) Ligbt pebbly soils, dry and barren : Rupestris, York, Madeira, Riparia (wild). 



(10) Deep soils, with a tufa base and salt lands : Solonis. 



(11) Soils formed of d6bris of tufa, but sufficiently deep: Taylor. 



(12) Ferruginous soils, containing red pebbles of silicia, deep and somewhat strong, 

 well drained, but fresh in summer. All the varieties indicated, and in addition : 

 Herbemont, Clinton, Cynthiana, Marion, Concord, Herman. 



