435 



consists of three Cyclone nozzles fixed to a common base. In the class 

 of insecticides no award was made, but the preference was given to Mr. 

 Upfold's mixture, the ingredients of which are not given. 



Part 3 of vol. ii contains notes by Mr. OUift' on Paris green as a rem- 

 edy for Codling Moth, the Potato Moth {Lita solanella Boisd.), a pest 

 whose larv* bores into and ruins stored potatoes, and the Brown Scale 

 {Lecanium hemisphericum) on peaches. 



Entomological work in "West Virginia.— Mr. A. D. Hopkins, Entomologist 

 of the West Virginia Experiment Station, occupies pages 145 to 180 

 of the Third Annual Report of the Station, Charleston, W. Ya., 1890, 

 with a review of the results of his work since taking office. He re- 

 ports upon certain experiments which he has made against a num- 

 ber of farm and garden insects, but devotes most of his space to a 

 consideration of certain forest and shade tree insects. He publishes 

 original plates of the Raspberry Goutj" Gall-beetle {Agrilus ruJicolUs) 

 and of certain Locust Tree insects, viz : Odontota dorsalis, O. nervosa, 

 and Clytus {Cyllene) robinicv. His treatment of the enemies of the Black 

 Spruce possesses the greatest interest for the general reader. The 

 trees of this species have been dying off in great numbers in 

 portions of West Virginia during the last nine or ten years, and it is 

 estimated that at least a million and a half of dollars' worth of timber 

 is now dead in the spruce forests of the State. Mr. Hopkins concludes 

 that the death of the trees is the effect of two combined causes, one of 

 which he does not attempt to explain. The other is the work of cer- 

 tain Scolytid beetles, principally PolygrapMis riijipennis and Xyloterus 

 hivittatus. He thinks that the ravages of these insects primarily suc- 

 ceeded some unknown injury to probably a few trees in isolated local- 

 ities, and that when the conditions were no longer favorable to their 

 existence in the injured trees, and they had increased to great numbers, 

 they transferred their attacks to healthy trees from necessity. He 

 reached this conclusion from finding the beetles at work in the green, 

 sappy wood and bark. He found numbers of parasites of the bark 

 beetles and considers them of great value in reducing the numbers of 

 the i)ests. Mr. Hopkins has probably given too much importance to 

 the damage done to these trees by the insects mentioned. isTo matter 

 what their numbers may be, we doubt whether they attack perfectly 

 healthy trees. A tree is usually injured in some way, or has become 

 diseased from some cause, or its vitality has become imj)aired, before 

 the beetles are attracted to or multiply in it. 



An Italian Manual on Injurious Insects.— One of the most recent of the 

 Hoepli manuals is a little treatise on noxious insects by Prof. Frances- 

 chini, " Gli Insetti Xocivi," Milan, 1891, press of Ulrico Hoepli. The 



