REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 183 



SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 



rearing a considerable number of the larvae and was mucli surprised to find that some 

 of these after spinning their cocoons changed at once to pupae and gave forth the motha 

 soon afterwards. These, however, formed only a small percentage of the whole, for by far 

 the larger number remained in the larval state and will not pupate until next spring. 

 The above larvae were full grown and began to spin up July 25, and I am of the opinion 

 that not only at Ottawa, but at some other places in eastern Canada where a partial 

 second brood was this year noticed, this premature development of the moths was due 

 to about a fortnight of excessively and exceptionally hot weather in July as they were 

 nearing full growth. 



West of Toronto, in addition to regular spraying, banding the trees with burlap 

 bands to catch the larvae of the first brood when they spin up is necessary. 



It has long been a matter of wonder that the Codling Moth, which is so abundant 

 in the States of Oregon and Washington, should not have established itself as an in- 

 jurious fruit pest in British Columbian orchards. Although carefully sought for, no 

 instance of apples infested by this insect have been detected until the present season. 

 An insect which causes a somewhat similar injury, the Lesser Apple Worm [Enarmonia 

 (Grapholitha) prunivora, Walsh] has frequently in the past been mistaken for the 

 Codling Moth in British Columbia ; but, with, the exception of a single specimen of the 

 moth sent to me by the Rev. J. H. Keen, from Metlakatla, B.C., where no apples are 

 grown, and which he had found in his house, I have never been able to learn of the 

 occurrence of this insect in British Columbia until Mr. J. W. Oockle, of Kaslo, B.C., 

 sent me this autumn an undoubted specimen of tha Codling Moth, which he had reared 

 from infested apples growing in an orchard at Kaslo. It is deeply to be regretted that 

 this insect has found a foothold in British Columbia, although this at some time was 

 almost inevitable, from its abundance in orchards to the south. It is well for the pro- 

 vince that Mr. Cockle, being a trained entomologist, should have been able to detect 

 both this insect and the San Jos© Scale before they had spread further. The matter 

 has been brought to the attention of the Provincial Government and it is their inten- 

 tion to deal with both of these occurrences before another season opens. 



The Woolly Aphis of tr-e Apple (Schizoncura lanigera, Hausmann). — An insect 

 which has been strikingly more abundant during 1905 than it has been for many yeai-s, 

 is the Woolly Aphis of the Apple. This has been noticed all through Ontario and 

 Quebec, and Mr. R. M. Palmer teUs me that it has been more destructive in British 

 Columbia than for many years. The injury by the Woolly Aphis is sometimes very 

 severe in the United States, particularly by the root-inhabiting form of the species; 

 but it has never been a very serious pest in Canada; even in British Columbia, where 

 it is regularly much more abundant than in the East, it is less destructive than the 

 Apple Aphis and some other well known enemies of the fruit grower. The eradication 

 of this pest when it has established itself upon the roots of apple trees in an orchard, 

 is a difficult matter. The methods which are usually adopted, are the uncovering of 

 the roots and pouring in hot water almost at the boiling point, or the injection into 

 the soil of bisulphide of carbon. Another method which has been highly praised, is 

 digging in tobacco dust around the roots. This material can be purchased, it is claimed, 

 from cigar factories at a reasonable amount, and, when this does not exceed one cent 

 per pound, the tobacco is worth fully that price as a fertilizer. The form which occurs 

 in Canada most widely, is that which may be seen during the summer and autumn 

 gathered together in white woolly clusters on the shoots from the base of the trunks 

 of neglected trees and upon the branches, where they cause swellings in the bark by 

 sucking the sap and at the same time poisoning»the tissues. In the vicinity of Ottawa 

 the wild hawthorns were even more seriously attacked than apple trees in orchards, 

 although some of these latter were so infested that one correspondent spoke of them 

 as presenting the appearance of having been whitewashed. 



The remedies for the form which occurs on the branches, are the same as are used 

 for ordinary plant-lice; but, as these are protected by a waxy covering, it is well to 



