194 EXPERIME]S'TAL FARMS. 



be^an eating them. Can you give me any information as to what to do to get rid of 

 them? What is it that lays the eggs? It is something new to me as I never noticed them 

 before." — [J. Raymond Ball.] 



"Quebec, Oct. 18. — I send you herewith a White Belgian carrot. My crop this 

 year has been almost ruined by this disease, which you will be able to examine on the 

 ■samples sent to you. Please tell me what is the matter and how to prevent it." 



" Quebec, Oct. 27. — In reply to your inquiry as to whether my crop is the only one 

 in this neighbourhood which has been injured by the Carrot Rust- fly, I beg to inform 

 you that this year is the first that I have known the carrots to be injured by this fly. I 

 secured a superb crop from the same field last year without any trace of the disease. 

 My farm is situated at Ste. Marie, Beauce, and all the crops of carrots in the district 

 have been attacked by the fly this season." — [A. B. Dupuis.] 



Remedies. — Spraying the carrots along the rows with kerosene emulsion, 1 part to 

 10 of water, by means of a knapsack sprayer, or sprinkling along the rows dry sand, 

 land plaster or ashes, with which coal oil has been mixed at the rate of half a pint to 3 

 gallons of the diluent, or crude carbolic acid at the rate of half a pint in 5 gallons, are the 

 only applications which I know to have been used to any advantage. This should be 

 done once a week through June from the time the roots begin to form and particulai'ly 

 after the rows have been thinned. Late sowing has also been found very useful. 



Changing the location of the beds as far as possible from infested land has also been 

 attended with excellent results and this common sense precaution should always be prac- 

 tised, when possible, in the case of all attacks of injurious insects. Where carrots are 

 stored during the winter in sand or earth, this, of course, must be treated to destroy the 

 pupje which leave the roots and enter the soil to pass their last preparatory stage. Miss 

 Ormerod suggests that this earth might be put into a wet manure pit so as to prevent 

 the hatching out of the flies. Should neither of these methods be convenient, at any 

 rate, the earth might be buried in a deep hole dug in the ground for the purpose. 



The Turnip Aphis {Aphis brassicce, L.) — One of the worst attacks upon root crops 

 this year has been by the Turnip Aphis. In many parts of Ontario Swede turnips were 

 badly injured. In Manitoba, likewise, an outbreak of this pest was brought to my 

 notice by Mr. Bedford. The following extracts bring out the chief points upon which 

 information was asked by correspondents : — 



" Eddystone, Northumberland Co., Ont., Sept. 2. — On account of the very 

 hot weather, lice are threatening to destroy the turnip crop in this part of the country. 

 Is there any cure or preventive for it 1 Can spraying be successfully done 1 " — [W. G. 

 Sargent.] 



"Sherwood, York Co., Ont., Nov. 25. — In reply to your letter I would state 

 that lice on turnips are not an entirely new pest, but they have never appeared in such 

 numbers or with such destructiveness as this year, They have appeared in past years 

 in small patches and were not considered very damaging. I think the reason that they 

 were so numerous was the dry weather, as we had no rain from 1st July till the begin- 

 ning of September, and it was exceedingly hot also. It wilted the mangel leaves in 

 some localities. In the townships east and south of us, where they had more rain, the 

 injury to the crop was not so great. In answer to your other question, I notice that the 

 pest was destructive on all soils except perhaps some very low wet soils where sufficient 

 moisture was obtained to keep up a steady growth." — [James H. Keffer.] 



"Morden, Man., Sept. 28. — I send herewith a turnip leaf infested with some sort of 

 insect. Last fall the same insect attacked the turnips, destroying the crop entirely. 

 The root starts to decay as soon as the plant is attacked. All the turnips in this dis- 

 trict went the same way. I should like to know what can be done to save the crop 

 another year. I am taking up those turnips not already affected. 



" Morden, Man., Dec. 28. — When you replied to my inquiry re turnip aphis, you 

 asked me whether there had been much damage done in this neighbourhood. I have been 

 inquiring of those who grow turnips, and find that nearly all the turnips in this district 

 were damaged. In some cases the turnips were not attacked till late in the fall, and 

 these were not damaged to any great extent."-— [Alfred Bradshaw.] 



