REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST, 



203 



its eggs in apples and that the larvae can develop in this fruit, but most of the injuries 

 in this case were of the nature of a hollow cavity beneath the skin, the flesh appearing 

 to have been eaten out through a central orifice. Frequently these cavities were at the 

 bottom of deep depressions, and there were no galleries in the flesh of the apple. That 

 thd injury to apples extended further than the immediate vicinity of Chateauguay Basin 

 was shown by my receiving specimens injured in exactly the same way from Professor 

 L. R. Jones, of Burlington, Vt., with the information that the injury was quite 

 common on Baldwins and Greenings and that considerable injury had been caused in the 

 State of Vermont. The advantage of attending to windfalls, either by collecting them 

 or pasturing sheep or pigs in the orchard was pointed out, and the opinion was expressed 

 that the grubs which had been found in the haws were more likely to be those of the 

 true Apple Curculio (AntJionomus quadrigihhus, Say.) than of the Plum Curculio. The 

 fruit of the hawthorn is nearly always infested by Anthonomus qitadrigibhus, and, as far 

 as my own experience goes, it is a very rare enemy of the apple. ,As a remedy for this 

 attack on apples by the Plum Curculio, nothing further can be suggested than spraying 

 the trees regularly with Paris green, beginning early and continuing as late as possible 

 through the season. Where it is practicable, jarring the trees over large sheets placed 

 on the ground and then destroying the beetles will, of course, reduce very much the 

 amount of injury. 



Pig. 20. — A Green Fruit- worm ; 

 a, caterpillar ; 6, moth. 



The Green Fruit-vvoems (Xylina). — The larvse of two or three species of this 

 genus were unusually abundant and destructive in some parts of Ontario last sumnier. 



Mr. W. M. Oir found them in many 

 orchards when superintending the Pio- 

 vincial Government spraying experi- 

 ments. He estimates the loss from these 

 caterpillars at between 20 and 30 per 

 cent. Mr. N. H. Cowdry, of Water- 

 ford, Norfolk County, Ont., sent speci- 

 mens of the caterpillars, together with 

 their work on young apples and pears. 

 He said : " They seem to feed exclusively 

 on the young fruit to which they are 

 exceedingly destructive, but they do not 

 touch the foliage. They ate very numer- 

 ous about here, and, owing to their habit 

 of eating the fruit only, are hard to destroy by spraying." An account of injury by 

 Green Fruit-worms, was also received from Mr. John A. Link, of Sombra, Lamlaton 

 Co., Ont. 



At Aylmer, Wright Co., Quebec, large silver maple trees (Acer dasycarpum) and 

 to a smaller degree other trees and shrubs growing near were almost defoliated by the 

 larvEe of a species of XyliiLa, which were in such numbers that every tree trunk 

 and fence was swarming with them in the third week in June, as they moved from tree 

 to tree in search of food. Almost all the specimens collected died from injuries inflicted 

 upon each other in the breeding jars. A single specimen of the moth was reared which 

 seems to be Xylina Grotei, Riley. The caudal end of the pupa resembles that of X. 

 huicinerea, Grote, as figured by Mr. Slingerland on Plate II. of his Cornell University 

 Bulletin 123, except that the cremastral spines are less pronounced. 



Another outbreak, not quite so severe as the one above mentioned, occurred at 

 Niagara on the Lake, where large maples planted as shade trees were covered with 

 these caterpillars to the great inconvenience of passers by in the streets. In this case, 

 I think it hardly possible that many of these larvfe could have reached the perfect 

 stage, for the trees wei-e visited incessantly by warblers and other insectivorous birds 

 who vied with a swarm of English sparrows in the branches above and numerous 

 chickens on the ground below, in destroying every caterpillar that moved. It is several 

 years since these insects have been abundant enough to call for special treatment, but 

 similar outbreaks to those mentioned upon forest and shade trees occurred in the vicinity 



