204 EXPEPdMENTAL FARMS. 



of Ottawa in 1885. The caterpillars of three distinct species of moths are known by 

 the name of the Green Fruit- worms. These resemble each other very much in appear- 

 ance and habits. They are discussed in detail by Mr. M. V. Siingerland, in his 

 characteristically careful and accurate manner, with beautiful figures, in Cornell 

 University Bulletin 123. The caterpillars may be described generally as cylindrical 

 in shape with heads almost as wide as the body. Colour, pale leaf green, striped longi- 

 tudinally and dotted with creamy white. The full-grown caterpillar measures from 1-|- 

 inches to 1^ inches in length by ^ of an inch in diameter. The food consists of the 

 leaves of the apple, pr-ar and several kinds of forest trees ; the maple, poplar, hickory, 

 wild cherry, box elder and the buds of roses are recorded among their food plants. 

 Their greatest injupes, however, are to the fruit of apples and pears. 



The moths vary considerably in appearance, but are characterized by the cold 

 ash-gi-ay colour of the front wings, which are variegated with darker gray. The most 

 constant characters seem to be : a pale space at the base of the front wings and on the 

 upper half, the pale upper part of the orbicular spot and the dark sub-terminal line. 

 The expanse of the wings is from IJ inches to If inches. 



" The moths are night fliers, remaining concealed on the bark of the trees or in 

 secluded places during the day. Most of them appear during September and October, 

 and, hibernating in sheltered places, appear again in March, April and May ; some 

 evidently remain in the ground as pupae over winter, the moths not appearing until 

 spring. They are readily attracted to lights or sweetened baits at night, and are ' often 

 found in maple groves while sugaring is going on. Sometimes sap-pails are found in 

 the morning with the surface of the liquid completely covered with the moths.' " (M. 

 V. Siingerland, Bulletin 123.) 



The San Jose; Scale {Aspidiotus pemiciosus, Corastk.). — Since the passing of the 

 San Jose Scale Act, on the 13th of March, 1898, every effort has been made, both by 

 the Federal Government and the Provincial Government of Ontario, to detect any 

 occurrence of this extremely injurious insect and to eradicate it with as little delay as 

 possible. A thorough examination has been made of that section of the province of 

 Ontario in which it was known that colonies of this scale insect had been found in 1897. 

 Wherever infested trees were detected, they were dug up and destroyed. Trees known 

 to have been imported from States or nurseries in which the scale had occurred during 

 the last few years were followed up and examined in the orchards where they had been 

 planted. It is satisfactory to know at the conclusion of this inspection that the pre- 

 valence of this insect in Canadian orchards is far less than it was feared last spring 

 might be the case. The only locality where a new occurrence of special interest, from its 

 northern latitude, has to be recorded is at Guelph, Ont., where the winters are sometimes 

 very severe, the thermometer occasionally falling as low aa 15 degrees below zero, Fabr. 

 The scales in this case were imported on pear and plum trees and had passed through at 

 least two Canadian winters j although the scales had survived, they had not spread toother 

 trees. The passing of the San Jose Scale Act has naturally given rise to a great deal 

 of correspondence as to what kinds of plants come within the provisions of this Act and 

 are prohibited from being imported into Canada from any country where the San Jose 

 Scale is known to exist. In framing this Act, great care was taken by the Hon. 

 Minister of Agriculture to interfere as little as possible with established lines of trade 

 and only to prohibit such plants as it was thought were a source of danger to this 

 country. It is known that the San Jose Scale is liable to occur in a living state, and 

 that thus it might possibly be introduced, upon any woody-stemmed tree or shrub, except 

 conifers, the stems of which do not naturally die down to the ground every year. Such 

 plants, therefore, may not be imported into Canada from any country where the San Jose 

 Scale has been found. A very few exceptions have been made to this rule in the case of 

 soiue plants which are only grown in greenhouses. These exceptions were authorized by 

 Order in Council at the time of the passing of the Act and made public through the 

 Canada Gazette. They have also been published in the reports of the Entomological 

 Society of Ontario, of the Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario, and of other societies. 

 No further exceptions to the Act have been made, and in the case of such plants as 



