REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 189 



SESSIONAL PAPER No 16 



almost to coat the trees and entirely hide the bark. Although so destructive in all 

 parts of Canada, the Oyster-shell Bark-louse is not a particularly hard insect to con- 

 trol, where trees are attended to regularly. The first step to take when an orchard is 

 found to be attacked is to invigorate the trees by ploughing round them and feeding 

 them with some quick-acting fertilizer, such as well rotted manure, or a dressing of 

 wood ashes. When trees have been standing in sod, it is well to break this up. Trees 

 which are planted too closely, should be pruned and cleaned out, so that they may be 

 easy of access for spraying and other operations. As soon as winter has set in, tho 

 trees should be sprayed thoroughly with a thin lime wash, one pound of lime in each 

 gallon of water. Two coats must be applied, the second immediately after the first 

 is dry. Where the lime-sulphur-and-salt wash is used to protect trees against fungus 

 and insect enemies, there will never be any trouble with the Oyster-shell Bark-louse. 

 The young bark-lice emerge from their mothers' scales during June ; the exact date 

 should be watched for, and, immediately the dust-like yellow mites are noticed, the 

 trees should be sprayed without delay with weak kerosene emulsion, or a whale-oil 

 Boap solution, using one pound to six gallons of water. 



The Scurfy Bark-louse {Chionaspis furfura, Fitch.) — In western Ontario this 

 bark-louse has become so abundant recently, that many fruit growers are noticing it. 

 In several cases, it has been mistaken for the San Jose scale and has been sent in for 

 that insect. It is only occasionally that this scale develops in sufficient numbers to 

 injure trees seriously. When it does so, it can be treated in the same way as the 

 Oyster-shell Bark-louse. Mr. V7. W. Hilborn found it was entirely destroyed by the 

 lime-sulphur-and-salt wash. The eggs of the Scurfy Bark -louse are bright red in col- 

 our and are to be found beneath the scales by the middle of August or early in Sep- 

 tember. The male scale, as in the case of the Oyster-shell Bark-louse, is of quite 

 a different shape from that of the female. In both sexes the scales are white and so 

 closely appressed to the bark that they are easily overlooked or are not recognized as 

 scale insects. The male scales are frequently found all clustered together in groups 

 around the base of a twig or at some inequality of the bark. 



The Eye-spotted Bud-motii (Tmetccera ocellana, Schiff). — The insect concerning 

 v/hich most inquiry was received from Nova Scotia last spring, was the Eye-spotted 

 Bud-moth. Attention had already been called to it by its frequency in Nova Scotian 

 orchards during the previous year, and specimens also came in from some parts of 

 Ontai'io and (Quebec and from one point in British Columbia. Prof. F. C. Sears, 

 Director of the Nova Scotia School of Horticulture, of Wolfville, N.S., writes at the 

 end of the season : ' Even the Bud-moth, which for the past few seasons has been extre- 

 mely abundant, proved much less troublesome than was anticipated. This was un- 

 doubtedly due in large measui^e to the fact that our orchardists now understand it bet- 

 ter and apply the early spraying, by which it is best controlled. We find that this 

 early spraying should be applied from May 1st to 10th, according to the season. I 

 am glad to report that spraying was much more general during the past season than 

 ever before, particularly in Annapolis County. One dealer there sold one hundred 

 spraying outfits ; but, as the season was particularly unfavourable for fungous 

 pests and most insects, I fear that some that sprayed for the first time 

 may be discouraged.' It was suggested by Mr. E. E. Archibald, of Wolfvillr.. 

 N.S., that the irregularity in the fruit crop in the celebrated Annapolis valley 

 of Nova Scotia might be due to the depredations of this small but very 

 destructive and frequently unrecognized enemy. I believe that his suggestion 

 was in a large measure correct and, where correspondents had reported a blight- 

 ing of the leaves and fruit buds, I am sure these results had been in many casea 

 directly due to the attacks of the caterpillars of the Eye-spotted Bud-moth. On ac- 

 count of its abundance last year, it will be wise for fruit growers to examine their 

 trees during the present winter and early next spring, to see if there are any of the 



