HErORP OF TEE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 



193 



Fig. 13.— The Apple Leaf-S3wer : a, caterpillar 

 6, pupa case on leaf ; c, moth — a and c enlarged. 



SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 



The Apple-leaf Sewer [AncyUs (Phoxopteris) nulcculana, Clem.].— Apple or- 

 chards at Finiitland, Grimsby, St, 

 Catharines and JSTiagara-on-the 

 Lake, were to a moderate extent 

 infested last autumn by the small 

 caterpillars -of this insect. The 

 sewed leaves were conspicuous on 

 .the trees in autumn. Inside thes3 

 leaves, which fall to the ground, 

 the caterpillars remain until the 

 following spring, when they chang3 

 to chrysalids; and the pretty moths, 

 which are shown at fig. 13, appear 

 in May and June. The chrysalis 

 works its way through the leaf, 

 and, when the moth escapes, the empty skin remains attached to the leaf. This insect 

 has never been a serious pest to the apple grower, and is only sometimes sufficiently 

 abundant to attract notice. The only remedy which has been recommended, is to rake 

 up the leaves in the autumn and burn them. 



The Apple-leap Miner (Tischeria malifoliella, Clem.)— Rather more abundant 

 than the above and more destructive was this small leaf -miner. It occurred in several 

 orchards near Grimsby, and Mr. Joseph Tweddle reports it as being sufficiently abun- 

 dant to require attention. It has been noticed more or less in this same district fov 

 several years, specimens having been sent once or twice by Mr. Geo. E. Fisher, of Free- 

 man, Ont., who had noticed it in orchards and nurseries in the above named district, 

 when inspecting for San Jose scale. I do not think that it is ever likely to develop into 

 a serious enemy, but it is advisable for students of insects to find out a little more than 

 is at present known concerning its exact life history, so that, in case it ever requires 

 special treatment, we may be prepared with a practical remedy, which as yet is wanting. 

 The only remedy now suggested is to bum the fallen leaves in infested orchards, either 

 in autumn or before the moths leave them in the spring. 



The Apple Aphis (Aphis mali. Fab.). — Plant-lice of all kinds have been notice- 

 ably abundant on many crops throughout Canada and the northern United States dur- 

 ing 1903. Although this lias been the 

 case, it cannot be said that their injuries 

 have been excessive, for in nearly every 

 instance, they were attended by large 

 numbers of their natural parasites, which 

 soon reduced the numbers so much that 

 ■they were unable to do appreciable harm. 

 The only injuries which could be con- 

 sidered serious, were where the insects 

 Fig. 14.-The Apple Aphis-enlarged. attacked young stock in nurseries and 



fruits while young. Some of our large nurserymen in western Ontario inform me that 

 Apple Aphis did them considerable harm last season, particularly upon budding stock, 

 late in July and in August. In Prince Edward Island and in British Columbia, an 

 injury which I have already alluded to as caused by the Apple Aphis, was again this 

 year apparent on apples. This injury is of a serious nature, and takes the form of 

 deep pits which are left on the gi'owing fruit at spots where apples have been punc- 

 tured by the aphis when they were small. This gives the fruit a distorted, gnarled 

 appearance which renders it quite unsaleable.* As a general thing, except in British 

 Columbia, it is not advisable to go to the expense of spraying bearing apple trees for 

 destroying the Apple Aphis. The insects are most abundant when they first hatch from 

 ♦See Fig. 15, next page. 

 16—13 



