250 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. 



5. Banding. — Cut- worms are heavy-bodiecl insects unable to climb over smooth 

 surfaces ; therefore, surrounding a plant or tree with a band of tin or even of paper ia 

 the case of such plants as cabbages and tomatoes is an effective means of protection. 

 Tin bands may easily be made by taking pieces of tin six inches long by two and a half 

 wide and bending them around a spade or broom handle so as to form short tubes. In 

 placing them around a plant, the two ends can be sprung apart to admit the stem and 

 then the tube should be pressed a short distance into the ground. I have found this a 

 useful means of disposing of tomato and other cans. To prepare these easily the cans 

 need only be thrown into a bon-fire, when the tops and bottoms fall off and the side 

 becomes unsoldered. The large piece of tin can then be used whole or may be cut down 

 the centre with a pair of shears so as to form two bands. It may be well to mention here 

 that the two remedies so often recommended in newspapers, salt and lime, have proved 

 quite worthless in our experiments for preventing cut- worm injuries. 



FHUITS. 



The fruit crop of Canada, particularly of apples, has this year been enormous, and 

 compared with other years, there has been little complaint of insect injuries. Wherever 

 spraying with Paris green, either alone or mixed with fungicides, has been practised, 

 marked results have been obtained. These would, of course, have been much more 

 noticeable in a year of less abundant fruitage. It is to be regretted that this most use- 

 ful means of saving money is not more universally adopted by the fruit growers of the 

 Dominion. 



Two new pests of the apple, the Apple Fruit-miner in British Columbia, and the 

 Apple Maggot in Ontario, have demanded attention on account of their injuries during 

 the past season. These are treated of at some length later. 



The Codling JVIgth {Carpocajjsa pomonella, L.) has, as usual, been mentioned 

 frequently in correspondence, but, on the whole, owing to the enormous apple crop and 

 also to the more general adoption of spraying, has not done much harm. 



" Berwick, King's Co., N.S.— Codhng Moth did but little injury. Fruit seldom 

 was so free from worms." — S. C. Parker. 



The only mention of this insect in the Nova Scotia Crop Report for November, 

 1896, is the following : 



" Lawrencetown, Annapolis Co. — Very few wormy apples." — J. W. Whitman. 



In the Ontario Crop Returns for August, 1896, there are only two correspondents 

 who mention this insect as follows : — 



" Plympton, Lambton Co. — There are no worms in the apples so far this year, even 

 where spraying has not been done." 



" Ashfield, Huron Co. — Spraying was little practised and yet the fruit is almost 

 free from fungi and worms. This is unusual, and spraying with proper mixtures should 

 not be disregarded, for this exemption may not occur again." 



" Grimsby, Wentworth Co., Ont. — The second brood of Codling Moth has been 

 very troublesome this year in some orchards, particularly where spraying has been 

 neglected. One of my orchards on the hill-side was very difficult to reach with the 

 spraying waggon, and, therefore, it was neglected. As a result, a very large proportion 

 of the apples were affected and had to be thrown out as seconds. Although spraying for 

 fungi has not been so necessary this year, yet spraying for Codling Moth has been as 

 necessary as ever." — L. Woolverton. 



" St. Catharines, Lincoln Co., Ont. — The Codling Moth has not been quite so bad 

 as usual, though trie enormous crop of apples pointed to by the sceptical as evidence of 

 the futility of spraying is rather misleading. The number of Codling Moths active this 

 year would have made a very different showing if the crop of apples had been a small 

 instead of an abnormally largp one." — Martin Burrell. 



