256 



EXPERIMENTA L FA RMS. 



carbolic acid were added. This wash has been again used successfully during the past 

 season by Mr. Fisher, who writes : " The last wash I used for the Peach Bai^k beetle was 

 the dead shot remedy. Every tree it was tried on is free from the little beetles." This 

 remedy is applicable for many other bark-boring beetles, such as the Shot-borer of the 

 apple and plum. The formula, as last used by Mr. Fisher, is as follows : — 



Washing soda, 5 pounds ; soft soap, 3 quarts (or hard soap, 3 pounds) ; water to 

 make 6 gallons ; air-slaked lime sufficient to give ^he mixture the consistency of thick 

 paint ; finally, add 4 ounces of Paris green and 1 ounce of carbolic acid. To be applied 

 with a whitewash brush, thoroughly covering the trunk of the tree and a few inches up 

 the limbs. The first application should be made as soon as the beetles appear in the 

 spring, sometimes as early as the middle of March. Two or perhaps three applications, 

 a month apart, may be necessary. 



The Black Peach Aphis {Aphis j^ersicm-niger, E. F. Smith). — Letters from Essex 

 County and a single one from St. Catharines show that a good deal of injury is being 

 caused in young peach orchards by the Black Peach Aphis. Up to the present no 

 satisfactory remedy has been applied, but experiments have been arranged to be carried 

 out next season. The application of kainit, as advised by Prof. J. B. Smith and men- 

 tioned in my last report, is specially commended to the attention of peach growers. 

 Prof. Smith says : " In our State, on light soil I advise about 10 pounds of kainit per 

 tree, covering the probable extent of the root system — this for a tree 4 to 6 inches in 

 diametir and in bearing — the application to be made in spring, when the trees are leafing 

 out. In our orchards the kainit has proved successful wherever used. Dr. Erwin F. 

 Smith recommends ground tobacco, and so does Prof. Alwood, of Virginia." 



THE APPLE MAGGOT. 



{Trypeta pomonella, Walsh.) 



Infested Apple. 



Fig. 15. — Apple Maggot. 



Perfect fly. 



Attack. — Slender, white or greenish white footless maggots; when full-grown, about J 

 of an inch in length by ^V of an inch in width, tapering gradually to the head and cut 

 off abruptly behind ; burrowing in all directions through the flesh of apples, feeding 

 upon the pulp and leaving brown channels. There are sometimes as many as a dozen 

 maggots in a single apple, but one is enough to render it worthless. The eggs are 

 inserted beneath the skin of the fruit by a two-winged fly with a sharp ovipositor. The 

 young maggots which hatch from these become full-grown in about six weeks, causing 

 the fruit to ripen prematurely and drop to the ground, when the maggots work their 

 way out and entering the soil a short distance, change to pale coloured puparia, inside 

 which the maggots remain unchanged until the following spring. The pupa state is 

 assumed only a few days before th.c perfect insects appear. 



