262 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 



' The Apple Fruit-miner and the Apple Maggot injure apples in a very similar manner, 

 tunnelling the pulp of the fruit in every direction, leaving brown coloured channels with 

 here and there rather large chambers. The injury of the former is generally rather 

 less extensive than that of the latter. 



The two insects, however, are quite different in appearance : the Apple Maggot is 

 as its name implies a footless maggot which changes beneath the surface of the ground 

 to a smooth whitish puparium, inside which it remains unchanged until the following 

 spring ; while on the other hand, the Apple Fruit-miner is a caterpillar with a distinct 

 head, three pairs of thoracic feet on the segments next to the head, four pairs of short 

 fleshy pro-legs under the middle segments and a similar pair of pro-legs at the end of the 

 body. This turns to a chrysalis in auturrn inside a close white cocoon which further is 

 surrounded by an outer web or loose net work of white silk. 



The Codling Moth, again, differs as to its work from both of the above. Instead of 

 tunnelling in all directions through the flesh and destroying the whole apple, the cater- 

 pillar always works to the core and feeds upon the seeds, in most cases entering the 

 fruit from the calyx end, and emerges through a hole straight from the core to one 

 side. The larvae of the Apple Fruit-miner and of the Codling Moth are both cater- 

 pillars, but that of the Codling Moth when full-grown is nearly three times the size of 

 the Apple Fruit-miner, and is spotted with black, bristle-bearing points. The cocoons, 

 too, are very unlike ; while that of the Apple Fruit-miner is one-quarter of an inch 

 long and surrounded by a white, lace-like outer netting, that of the Codling Moth is 

 half an inch long and brown and close, with many particles of the bark upon which it 

 is spun worked into it. 



Specimens of the Apple Fruit-miner confined in a jar upon moist earth and with 

 pieces of bark, invariably chose the latter to spin upon, the cocoons being generally 

 placed deep in a crevice or under a flake of bark. 



Remedy. — Until more is known of the habits of this insect, it would not be wise to 

 make more than general suggestions as to a i-emedy. Mr. Sharpe mentions that he 

 sprayed his trees for caterpillars, and that the fruit was badly infested on trees so 

 treated, but no comparison is drawn with trees that were not sprayed. From so much 

 of the life history as is known, spraying with Paris green, lime and water, in the same 

 manner as for the Codling Moth, soon after the flowers fall, with two or three applica- 

 tions a week apart later, would seem to be the most reasonable method, and certainly 

 would, at any rate, have the great advantage of destroying several other kinds of biting 

 insects. 



Description of caterpillar of the Apple Fruit-miner from Chilliwack, B.C., made 

 August 3, 1896, after it had emerged from apple : — 



Nearly cylindrical, slender, almost three-eighths of an inch long when extended, by 

 -jJg- in diameter. Head small, fuscous. Thoracic shield fuscous, with a white stripe in 

 centre. Anal plate conspicuous, and on the anterior half of segment 13 is a long, narrow 

 chitinous blotch, similar to the anal shield and probably representing the expanded bases 

 of tubercles. Body whitish, washed all over with pink ; bristles white and slender ; 

 spiracles inconspicuous ; surface of the body uneven ; intrasegmental folds deep, as also 

 a median transversal fold on each segment. There is a row of deep depressions above 

 and below the stigmatal fold. 



When received on July 24, 1896, the above larva was white in general colour, with 

 black head and thcracic feet. Two larvae spun on 4th and 5th of August. 



A cocoon crushed by accident on October 31 showed that the pupal stage had been 

 assumed. The cocoon is double, consisting of a close, dense, white, spindle shaped inside 

 cocoon, one-quarter of an inch in length, inclosed in a loose bag of open network of large 

 meshes ; this is three-eighths of an inch by one-eighth. The inside cocoon is apparently 

 open at one end, for, although no opening can be seen, in nearly every instance the larval 

 skin and head are pushed out into the outer cocoon. 



