REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 235 



SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 



culture to help tlie fruit-growers of the Dominion by allowing them to import nursery 

 stock of such new kinds of fruits as from time to time are originated outside of 

 Canada, and which it is claimed by fruit-growers are necessary for the profitable prose- 

 cution of their business, but at the same time, to safeguard their interests in every pos- 

 sible way by taking such precautions as would make it practically impossible for any 

 new infestation of the San Jose Scale to be brought into the country with the nursery 

 stock. The whole expense of the different stations is assumed by the Dominion Gov- 

 er:iiment; but all shipments are made entirely at the risk of the shippers or consignees, 

 the government assuming no risk whatever. The packages must be addressed by th3 

 shij/pers so as to enter Canada at one of the above-named ports of entry, and the route 

 by which they are to be shipped must be clearly stated upon each package. 



Many horticulturists and nurserymen have availed themselves largely of this 

 concession, and at every point much stock has been imported from the United States 

 and Japan. Nursery stock of all kinds can be imported from Europe without fumi- 

 gation, as the San Jose Scale has never gained a foothold in European countries. 

 Certain other plants which are not liable to' the attack of the San Jose Scale are 

 also exempted from treatment under the San Jose Scale Act. These are: (1) green- 

 house plants, including roses in leaf which have becH propagated under glass; (2) 

 herbaceous perennials, including strawberry plants; (3) herbaceous bedding plants; 

 (4) all conifers; (5) bulbs and tubers; (6) cottonwood (Populus monilifera), grown 

 in Minnesota and the Dakotas. 



Remedy. — Frequent inquiries are made as to whether there is a practical remedy 

 for the San Jose Scale. I believe that it may now be justly claimed that the lime and 

 sulphur wash made by any of the recognized formulae is a reliable remedy for this 

 insect. Orchards which have been carefully treated, are in better condition than they 

 were at this time last year, and have home during the past summer siatisfactory and 

 profitable crops of fruit. No remedy, however perfect it may be, will give good results 

 unless great care is taken in applying it ; and even with the lime and sulphur wash, it is 

 not claimed that a single application will always give perfect results. Any remedy 

 which does not cost too much for labour and materials, and which will ensure a paying 

 crop, is certainly a practical remedy. All remedies will vary in the degree to which 

 they secure the ends aimed at, and all that is claimed for the lime and sulphur wash 

 for the San Jose Scale, is that up to the present, all things considered, this has proved 

 the best remedy, and is, at any rate, as successful in its results as any loiown remedy 

 which is used in medicine for controlling the diseases of animals or human beings. 

 Success with any remedial treatment will necessarily always depend on the thorough- 

 ness with which it is carried out. 



The making of the Lime and Sulphur wash is described with full details in my last 

 report. 



The Canadian wash is made by mixing lime and sulphur together in the proportion 

 of twice as much lime as sulphur, and boiling these together in an iron kettle for two 

 hours (or not less than one hour). The quantity of water added to make up the required 

 amount of wash is largely a matter of convenience in using. When boiled with steam, 

 barrels ma,y be used, and to begin with, should be one-quarter filled with water and ih-i 

 steam turned on until the water is boiling; then turn off the steam and put in the lime 

 and sulphur together as quickly as this can be done without making the mixture boil 

 over. When the lime is all slaked, turn oA the steam again, and leave the mixture boil- 

 ing for at least an hour. Li Mr. Geo. E. Pisher's outfit, which has been frequently 

 described and has been figured more than once, eight barrels of wash were cooked at 

 once, and he found that with steam at 80 or 90 lbs. pressure, the quarter barrels of 

 water, before the lime and sulphur were turned in, could be brought to a boil in five 

 minutes. Mr. Eisher secured the best results when each gallon of the wash contained 

 one pound of lime and half a pound of sulphur. 



T'ae Oregon wash consists of lime 15 pounds, sulphur 15 pounds, blue vitriol IJ 

 pounds. Dissolve the lime and sulphur by boiling for one hour, then add the blue 



