64 FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF 



little silken houses, and ensconced under some fragment of bark or 

 other shelter. The same temperature which causes our apple trees to 

 burst their beauteous blossoms, releases the Codling moth from its 

 pupal tomb, and though its wings are at lirst damp with the imprint of 

 the great Stereotyping Establishment of the Almighty, they soon dry 

 and expand under the genial spring-day sun, and enable each to seek 

 its companion. The moths soon pair, and the female flits from blossom 

 to blossom, deftly depositing in the calyx of each a tiny yellow egg. 

 As the fruit matures, the worm develops. In thirty-three days, under 

 favorable circumstances, it has become lull-fed ; when, leaving the 

 apple, it spins up in some crevice, changes to chrysalis in three days, 

 and issues two weeks afterwards as moth, ready to deposit again, 

 though not always in the favorite calyx this time, as ] have found the 

 young worm frequently entoring from the side. Thus the young brood 

 of Codling moths appear at the same time as the young Curculios, the 

 difference being that instead of living on through fall and winter, as 

 do the latter, they deposit their eggs and die, it being the progeny 

 from these eggs which continues the race the ensuing year. Though 

 two apples side by side may, the one be maturing a Curculio, the 

 other a Codling moth, the larva of the latter can always be distin- 

 guished from the former by having six horny legs near the head, eight 

 fleshy legs in the middle of the body, and two at the caudal extremity, 

 while the Curculio larva hasn't the first trace of either. 



In latitude 38° the moths make their appearance about the first of 

 May, and the first worms begin to leave the apples from the 5th to the 

 10th of June and become moths again by the fere part of July. While 

 some of the first worms are leaving the apples, others are but just 

 hatched from later deposited eggs, and thus the two broods run into 

 each other; but the second brood of worms (the progeny of the 

 moths which hatch out after the first of July), invariably passes the 

 winter in the worm or larval state, either within the apple after it is 

 plucked, or within the cocoon. 1 have had them spin up as early as 

 the latter part of August, and at different dates subsequently till the 

 middle of November, and in every instance, whether they spun up 

 early or late in the year, they remained in the larval state till the 

 middle of April, when they all changed to chrysalids within a few 

 days of each other. Furthermore, they not only remain in the larval 

 state, but in many instances where I have had them in a warm room, 

 they have been active throughout the winter, and would always fasten 

 up the cuts made in their cocoons, even where the operation was per- 

 formed five and six times on the same individual. These active worms 

 perfected themselves in the spring as well as those which had not 

 been disturbed, and this fact would indicate that the torpid or dor- 

 mant state, so called, is not essential to the well being or the prolon- 

 gation of life of some insects. 



Though the Codling moth prefers the apple to the pear, it never- 

 theless breeds freely in the latter fruit, for I have myself raised the 



